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Information Technology > Basic concepts of computing > Flashcards

Basic concepts of computing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of a computer?

A

Hardware (physical parts) and software (tells what to do)

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2
Q

Why is a computer a system?

A

It is arrangement of many parts that work together

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3
Q

Define a computer

A

A computer is a multipurpose electronic tool that can receive data, process data and produce results and output the data

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4
Q

Define data

A

Data is raw, unprocessed facts

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5
Q

Information

A

Information is the result of the processing of data and should be useful

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6
Q

Differentiate between dedicated and general purpose computers

A

A dedicated device has one specific function. A general purpose device can perform multiple functions

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7
Q

What are the components of the computer model?

A

Input, processing, storage, communication and output

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8
Q

What does an input device allow us to do and give two examples of common input devices

A

Allows us to get data into the computer. Mouse and keyboard

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9
Q

What does an output device allow us to do and give two examples of common output devices

A

Allows us to get feedback from the computer. Screen and printer

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10
Q

What does a storage device allow a computer to do and give two examples of common storage devices

A

Allows the computer to keep instructions and data not being used. CD, flash drive

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11
Q

What does a communication device allow a computer to do and give two examples of common communication devices

A

Allows the computer to communicate with each other. Routers and modems

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12
Q

What does the processor do and give two examples of manufacturers

A

It executes instructions, processes the data and controls the rest of the computer

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13
Q

What does memory (RAM) do?

A

It stores those instructions and data currently being worked on. Programs and data cannot be processed without being loaded into memory

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14
Q

What is system software?

A

The software used to manage and control the computer

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15
Q

What is application software?

A

Additional programs that lets you do many things

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16
Q

What are the two categories of software?

A

System and application

17
Q

Give four examples of application software

A

Graphics software; Spreadsheet-allows you to perform tasks based on calculations; Word processor- creates, edits, formats text documents; Games-lets you enact roles and have adventures in virtual worlds

18
Q

What is open source software?

A

OSS lets the user modify the source code and is free.

19
Q

List three advantages of OSS

A

No cost, access to source code, modifiable

20
Q

List three disadvantages of OSS

A

Responsibility for glitches/shortcomings, poor support, higher skills needed

21
Q

What is propriety software?

A

It is owned by a company and involves a cost.

22
Q

What is the advantage to propriety software?

A

Having someone to hold responsible for shortcomings in the software

23
Q

List three disadvantages of propriety software

A

Expensive, can’t fix bugs, no access to source code

24
Q

List three ways propriety software is distributed

A

Shrink-wrap, shareware, freeware

25
Q

Power in computing terms is a combination of what?

A

Speed/performance of CPU, amount of storage, size of memory

26
Q

List five advantages of computers

A

Fast, good at repetition, multi-purpose, enable faster communication, keeps records well

27
Q

List five disadvantages of computers

A

Only as good as the way they are used, expensive, cannot think, become outdated, need skilled operators

28
Q

What is an ICT system?

A

Combination of people and technology integrated to complete tasks efficiently

29
Q

What is data warehousing?

A

Securely storing, managing and retrieving large amounts of data

30
Q

What is data mining?

A

Processing and analysing data looking for valuable unknown information

31
Q

Define freeware

A

Freely distributed software, don’t receive source code, no limitation on time/functionality included

32
Q

Define shareware

A

Software distributed freely. Can only be used for a limited time/capabilities. No source code

33
Q

Define hardware

A

Physical components and devices-parts you can touch

34
Q

Define software

A

The programs that tell the device what to do

35
Q

Define source-code

A

Programming code used to develop specific application

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