Basic concepts of computing Flashcards
What are the main parts of a computer?
Hardware (physical parts) and software (tells what to do)
Why is a computer a system?
It is arrangement of many parts that work together
Define a computer
A computer is a multipurpose electronic tool that can receive data, process data and produce results and output the data
Define data
Data is raw, unprocessed facts
Information
Information is the result of the processing of data and should be useful
Differentiate between dedicated and general purpose computers
A dedicated device has one specific function. A general purpose device can perform multiple functions
What are the components of the computer model?
Input, processing, storage, communication and output
What does an input device allow us to do and give two examples of common input devices
Allows us to get data into the computer. Mouse and keyboard
What does an output device allow us to do and give two examples of common output devices
Allows us to get feedback from the computer. Screen and printer
What does a storage device allow a computer to do and give two examples of common storage devices
Allows the computer to keep instructions and data not being used. CD, flash drive
What does a communication device allow a computer to do and give two examples of common communication devices
Allows the computer to communicate with each other. Routers and modems
What does the processor do and give two examples of manufacturers
It executes instructions, processes the data and controls the rest of the computer
What does memory (RAM) do?
It stores those instructions and data currently being worked on. Programs and data cannot be processed without being loaded into memory
What is system software?
The software used to manage and control the computer
What is application software?
Additional programs that lets you do many things
What are the two categories of software?
System and application
Give four examples of application software
Graphics software; Spreadsheet-allows you to perform tasks based on calculations; Word processor- creates, edits, formats text documents; Games-lets you enact roles and have adventures in virtual worlds
What is open source software?
OSS lets the user modify the source code and is free.
List three advantages of OSS
No cost, access to source code, modifiable
List three disadvantages of OSS
Responsibility for glitches/shortcomings, poor support, higher skills needed
What is propriety software?
It is owned by a company and involves a cost.
What is the advantage to propriety software?
Having someone to hold responsible for shortcomings in the software
List three disadvantages of propriety software
Expensive, can’t fix bugs, no access to source code
List three ways propriety software is distributed
Shrink-wrap, shareware, freeware
Power in computing terms is a combination of what?
Speed/performance of CPU, amount of storage, size of memory
List five advantages of computers
Fast, good at repetition, multi-purpose, enable faster communication, keeps records well
List five disadvantages of computers
Only as good as the way they are used, expensive, cannot think, become outdated, need skilled operators
What is an ICT system?
Combination of people and technology integrated to complete tasks efficiently
What is data warehousing?
Securely storing, managing and retrieving large amounts of data
What is data mining?
Processing and analysing data looking for valuable unknown information
Define freeware
Freely distributed software, don’t receive source code, no limitation on time/functionality included
Define shareware
Software distributed freely. Can only be used for a limited time/capabilities. No source code
Define hardware
Physical components and devices-parts you can touch
Define software
The programs that tell the device what to do
Define source-code
Programming code used to develop specific application
