BASIC CONCEPTS IN STATISTICS Flashcards
It is a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on the data.
STATISTICS
are the values that the variables can assume.
Data
is a characteristic that is observable or measurable in every unit of the universe.
Variable
is the set of all possible values of a
variable.
Population
is a subgroup of a population.
Sample
-words or codes that represent a class or category.
-express a categorical attribute
-gender
-religion
-marital status
-Highest educational attainment
Qualitative Variables
-number that represents an amount or a count.
-numerical data and sizes are meaningful and answer
questions such as “how many” or “how much”.
-Height
-Weight
-household size
-number of registered cars
Quantitative Variables
Quantitative: ___________ Variables:
-data that can be counted
-number of days
-Number of siblings
-Usual number of text messages sent in day
-Usual daily allowance in school
Quantitative Discrete Variables
Quantitative: ___________ Variables:
it can assume all values between any two specific values like 0.5, and 1.2. etc. and data that can be measured.
-weight
-height
-body temperature
Quantitative Continuous Variables
-Nominal Level
-Ordinal Level
-Interval Level
-Ratio Level
Levels of Measurement
This is characterized by data that consists of names, labels, or categories only.
-gender
-most preferred color
-usual sleeping time
-civil status
Nominal Level
This involves data that arranged in some order, but differences between data.
-happiness index for the day
-highest educational attainment
-the rankings of tennis player
-Academic Excellence Awards
Ordinal Level
This is the same at the ordinal level, with an additional property that we can determine meaningful amounts of differences between the data.
-body temperature
-Intelligence Quotient
Interval Level
-This is an interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point.
-It possesses a meaningful absolute, fixed zero pint and allows all arithmetic operations.
-number of siblings
-weight
-height
Ratio Level
Four Basic Methods of Sampling
-Random Sampling
-Systematic Sampling
-Stratified Sampling
-Cluster Sampling
Sampling Method? This is done by using chance or random
numbers.
Random Sampling
Sampling Method? This is done by numbering each subject of the population and then selecting nth number.
Systematic Sampling
Sampling Method? If a populåtion has a distinct groups, it
is possible to divide the population into these groups and to
draw SRS’s from each of the groups
Stratified Sampling
Sampling Method? This method uses intact groups called
clusters.
Cluster Sampling
