Basic Concepts in Measurement Stats

Question 1

variables

Answer 1

anything that is measured or manipulated in a research study

Question 2

continuous values

Answer 2

can theoretically assume any value

Question 3

continuous values example

Answer 3

distance, force, time

Question 4

discrete values

Answer 4

finite number of values that are separate, indivisible categories

Question 5

discrete values examples

Answer 5

the number of athletes on a team, heart beats per minute, 5 point Likert scale

Question 6

independent variable

Answer 6

variables that are varied by (and under) the control of or manipulated by the researcher

Question 7

dependent variable

Answer 7

variables that respond to the manipulation. DV are the outcome of the IV (or manipulation)

Question 8

what are the levels of measurement

Answer 8

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Question 9

nominal

Answer 9

nominal measurement the numerical values just name the attribute uniquely

Question 10

nominal example

Answer 10

jersey number, self-identifies ethnicity, type of sport you play

Question 11

ordinal

Answer 11

ordinal measurement, attributes can be ranked or ordered. Have a property of magnitude

Question 12

ordinal examples

Answer 12

1st, 2nd, 3rd place in a race, stages of a disease

Question 13

interval

Answer 13

interval measurement the distance between intervals have meaning. Have properties of magnitude, often use a scale

Question 14

interval examples

Answer 14

a score of 9.0 in figure skating is half way between 8.0 and 10.0

Question 15

ratio

Answer 15

ratio measurement there is always an absolute zero that is meaningful. Can construct a fraction or ratio with this variable

Question 16

ratio examples

Answer 16

height, weight, number of days in a week you engage in physical activity

Question 17

types of research

Answer 17

Randomized, Quasi, Non-experimental

Question 18

Randomized experiment

Answer 18

design, objects or individuals are randomly assigned (by chance) to an experimental group.

Question 19

Quasi Experiment

Answer 19

aims to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between an independent and dependent variable.

Question 20

Non-experimental design

Answer 20

research that lacks the manipulation of an independent variable.