Basic Concepts in Immunology/Inflammation Flashcards
What are the 2 roles of the immune system?
Recognise the pathogen
Mount an appropriate reaction against the pathogen to eliminate it
What are the 2 types of the immune response?
Natural (innate) immunity
Acquired (adaptive) immunity
Describe the innate response.
Rapid
Non-specific
First line of defence
Not enhanced by repeated exposure
Describe the adaptive response.
Slow
Specific
Second line of defence
Enhanced by repeated exposure
Where do all of the cells in the immune system come from and where is this located?
Hemopoietic stem cell
In the bone marrow
Where are the 2 primary lymph tissues?
Bone Marrow and Thymus
List secondary lymph tissues.
Appendix, Peyer’s patches, spleen, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
Where in the blood can the cells of the immune system be found ?
Buffy coat
What do cytokines do?
They alter the behaviour of other cells
Critical for local inflammation and tissue repair
What do chemokines do?
They tell cells where to go
Critical for local inflammation and tissue repair
What response are mast cells, basophils and eosinophils responsible for?
Allergic response, type 1 hypersensitivity
What are dendritic cells good at stimulating ?
A T-cell response to Sri auto an adaptive immune response
What do B-Cells produce ?
Antibodies
Describe CD4 and CD8 cells.
CD4 - T helper cells
Regulatory T cells (anti inflammatory)- can turn off the immune system
CD8 - capable of killing any type of cell that is infected
Cytotoxic T cells
Naïve T cell - CD4 or CD8 (never activated before)
What interaction occurs at the immunological synapse .
Interaction between innate and adaptive immune system and the antigen presenting cell will release some type of cytokines to instruct the T cell to activate.
What is the first cytokine that is activated ?
IL -2
Extremely strong mutagen which causes the T-cell to start proliferating
What does the B-cell differentiate into on activation from virus ?
Plasma cell
This plasma cell becomes a factory to produce loads of this particular antibody
What are the 3 roles of antibodies.
- Prevent bacteria / virus to enter the cell
- Coat the pathogen and signal to phagocytes or other cells of the immune system that the pathogen should not be in your body and it facilitates the phagocytosis and destruction of the pathogen
- Activate the complement system which are a group of proteins which circulate in your blood and when activated, they cause a chain of events that are important in clearing bacteria from your circulation
What are the 5 characteristics of inflammation.
Heat, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function
What are the sources of tumour necrosis factor cytokine?
Macrophages and T cells
What are the sources of Interleukin-1 cytokine?
Macrophages, endothelial cells and some epithelial cells
What are the sources of IL-6 cytocine?
Macrophages, endothelial cells and T-cells
What cytokine turns off inflammation?
IL-10
