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Sectional Anatomy > Basic Concepts and Great Vessels > Flashcards

Basic Concepts and Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy and physiology has an emphasis on what?

A

Studying body systems

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2
Q

Anatomy looks at what three things of anatomical structures

A

Shape
Location
Function

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3
Q

Sectional anatomy does what five things

A

study regions in body
Focus on anatomical relationships of structures in a given region
Views anatomy in sections (slices)
To visual an entire organ it takes multiple (slices)
Structural relationships depend on plane of view

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4
Q

2D imaging incorporates which two dimensions

A

Height

Width

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5
Q

3D imagining includes what three dimensions

A

Height
Width
Length

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6
Q

Height can also be referred to as

A

Depth

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7
Q

Accurate structural relationships between structures can only be accomplished by incorporating which dimension

A

Incorporate the 3rd dimension

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8
Q

Why is the anatomical position commonly used

A

It is the standard method to describe patient position
Used to describe location of structured in/on body
Limits confusion by ensuring consistency

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9
Q

What is the criteria for a true anatomical position

A

Patient erect, facing observer
Feet flat, facing forwards
Arms at sides
Palms facing forewords, thumbs point away from body

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10
Q

What are the three major planes that pass through the body

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

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11
Q

The three major planes that pass through the body are orthogonal to each other meaning what

A

Form 90 degrees to each other

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12
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sections

A

Sagittal

Long axis

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13
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left sections (through midline)

A

Midsagittal

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14
Q

Vertical plane dividing the body into unequal right and left sections

A

Parasagittal

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15
Q

Plane that divides the body into unequal superior and inferior sections

A

Axial
Transverse
Short axis

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16
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

A

Coronal

Frontal

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17
Q

Vertical plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior sections

A

Midaxillary plane

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18
Q

Plane that is parallel to the long axis of a structure but not always sagittal on the body

A

Longitudinal

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19
Q

Plane that is at an angle between sagittal/transverse/coronal

A

Oblique

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20
Q

A transducer marker should always be pointing to which two directions

A

Patients head

Patients right side

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21
Q

These two directions always refer to the patients sides NOT the observer

A

Right

Left

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22
Q

Towards the head or above another part

A

Superior
Cranial
Cephalic

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23
Q

Towards the feet or below another structure

A

Inferior

Caudal

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24
Q

Towards the front of a structure or surface

A

Anterior

Ventral

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25
Q

Towards the back of a structure or surface

A

Posterior

Dorsal

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26
Q

At or towards the midline of the body or structure

A

Medial

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27
Q

At or towards the side of the body or structure

A

Lateral

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28
Q

Toward, near, or at the body surface

A

Superficial

External

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29
Q

Away from the body surface

A

Deep

Internal

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30
Q

Part is closer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment or closer to heart

A

Proximal

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31
Q

Part is farther from the trunk of the body or the point of attachment or the heart

A

Distal

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32
Q

Structures on the same side

A

Ipsilateral

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33
Q

Structures on opposite sides

A

Contralateral

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34
Q

Related to membrane covering internal organs

A

Visceral

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35
Q

Related to membrane covering body walls

A

Parietal

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36
Q

Patient lying face down

A

Prone

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37
Q

Patient lying face up

A

Supine

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38
Q

Patient lying directly on right or left side (90 degrees)

A

Left lateral

right lateral

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39
Q

Patient lying on right or left side

A

Lateral decubitus

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40
Q

Laying on right or left side less then 90 degrees

A

Lateral oblique

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41
Q

Laying on left side and stomach closer to table is what position

A

Left anterior oblique

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42
Q

Laying on right side with back closer to the table is called what position

A

Right posterior oblique

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43
Q

Standing sitting upright

A

Erect

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44
Q

Partiality upright (sitting with back between supine and erect position)

A

Semi-erect

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45
Q

Lying with feet higher then head

A

Trendelenburg

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46
Q

Lying with feet lower then head

A

Reverse trendelenburg

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47
Q

What four things do cavities allow/do

A

Natural spaces that contain internal organs within the body
Large cavities subdivided into smaller compartments
Separate, protect, support organs
Allow movement/expansion of organs

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48
Q

The dorsal cavity is located where in relation to the trunk of the body

A

Posterior and superior to trunk of body

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49
Q

Dorsal cavity is associated with what nervous system

A

Central nervous system

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50
Q

What kind of fluid circulates in the dorsal cavity

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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51
Q

The dorsal cavity is subdivided into what two cavities

A

Cranial

Spinal (vertebral)

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52
Q

What cavity contains the brain and is surrounded by the skull and bones

A

Cranial

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53
Q

What cavity contains the the spinal cord/nerves and is protected by the spinal vertebrae

A

Spinal

Vertebral

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54
Q

The ventral cavity is located in what aspect of the body

A

Anterior

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55
Q

Is the dorsal or ventral cavity larger

A

Ventral

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56
Q

The organs contained within the ventral cavity are known as

A

Viscera

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57
Q

The ventral cavity is divided into what two cavities

A

Thoracic

Abdominopelvic

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58
Q

The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities are separated by what structure

A

Diaphragm

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59
Q

Which cavity is the superior portion of the ventral cavity

A

Thoracic

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60
Q

Which cavity contains the lungs and heart

A

Thoracic

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61
Q

What two cavities is the thoracic cavity divided into

A

Pleura cavities

Mediastinum

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62
Q

Which specific cavity contains the lungs

A

Pleura

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63
Q

Which specific cavity is lined with a serous membrane called pleural

A

Pleura

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64
Q

What does the serous membrane pleural do

A

Reduce friction

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65
Q

What cavity is midline in the chest between pleura spaces

A

Mediastinum

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66
Q

The mediastinum contains which cavity that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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67
Q

The anterior compartment that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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68
Q

The large cavity that extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis is the

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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69
Q

This cavity is lined with a serous membrane and divided into two sections with NO muscular separation

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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70
Q

What two cavities is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into

A

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

71
Q

This cavity is the upper portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity

72
Q

This cavity extends from inferior surface of diaphragm to the superior bony pelvis

A

Abdominal cavity

73
Q

The lower portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that lies within the bony structures of pelvis

A

Pelvic cavity

74
Q

This cavity extends from the iliac crests to the pelvic floor

A

Pelvic cavity

75
Q

The pelvic cavity is divided into what

A

True pelvis

False pelvis

76
Q

What cavity is associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, lymphatic system, esophagus, thymus

A

Thoracic

77
Q

What cavity contains liver, part of pancreas, stomach, spleen, gallbladder, small and part of large intestine

A

Abdominal

78
Q

Which cavity contains bladder, distal ureters, reproductive organs, distal small bowl, sigmoid, rectum, vessels,lymph nodes

A

Pelvic

79
Q

Oblique plane from sacral promontory to superior surface of symphysis pubis divides what

A

The true and false pelvis

80
Q

The pelvic inlet or birth canal is what pelvis

A

True pelvis

81
Q

The area below the pelvic brim is what pelvis

A

True pelvis

82
Q

The bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, are located in which pelvis

A

True pelvis

83
Q

The area superior to the pelvic rim but below crest of hip bone is what

A

False pelvis

84
Q

Which part of pelvis contains different sections of small intestine and colon

A

False pelvis

85
Q

Which body division creates four sections

A

Quadrant method

86
Q

What are the four quadrants in the quadrant method

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

87
Q

Where do the two lines intersect to form the quadrant method

A

Umbilicus (L3 / L4)

88
Q

How many sections are created in the regional method

A

Nine

89
Q

Where are the vertical and horizontal lines located to create the regional method

A

Vertical - right and left midclavicular

Horizontal - subcostal and transtubercular (hips)

90
Q

What are the three top sections of the region method right to left

A

Right hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region

91
Q

What are the three middle regions of the region method right to left

A

Right lumbar region
Umbilical region
Left lumbar region

92
Q

What are the three lower regions of the region method right to left

A

Right iliac region
Hypogastric region
Left iliac region

93
Q

Draw the region method and quadrant method

A

Do it

94
Q

Arteries carry blood away or towards the heart

A

Away

95
Q

Arteries carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood and what is the exception

A

Oxygenated

The exception is the pulmonary arteries (right heart to lungs)

96
Q

Arteries are designed to maintain what

A

Blood flow and blood pressure

97
Q

An artery is composed of how many layers what are the layers from the inside to outside

A

3 layers (very inside is lumen)

  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica adventitia
98
Q

What is the biggest artery

A

Abdominal aorta

99
Q

At what level does the aorta go through the diaphragm

A

T12

100
Q

The proximal and distal portions of the aorta sit more what

A

Proximal posterior

Distal anterior

101
Q

The aorta is located slightly to which side of midline

A

Left

102
Q

The aorta bifurcates at which level

A

L4

103
Q

Is the aorta retroperitoneal or peritoneal

A

Retroperitoneal (behind peritoneal sac)

104
Q

List the branches of the aorta from proximal to distal

A 
Celiac axis (celiac trunk) 
Right/left adrenal arteries (right/left suprarenal arteries) 
Superior mesenteric artery 
Right/left renal arteries 
Right/left gonadal arteries 
Inferior mesenteric artery 
Median sacral artery 
Right/left common iliac arteries
105
Q

The first major branch of aorta below diaphragm

A

Celiac axis (celiac trunk)

106
Q

The celiac axis comes out of the aorta which way

A

Anterior

107
Q

The celiac axis divides into what three branches from right to left

A

Common hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery

108
Q

The common hepatic artery divides into what two arteries

A

Hepatic artery proper

Gastroduodenal artery

109
Q

The splenic artery travels along what aspect of the pancreas

A

Superior

110
Q

The splenic artery supplies blood to what two structures

A

Spleen

Pancreatic tail

111
Q

The left gastric artery travels along which curvature of the stomach

A

Lesser curvature

112
Q

The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries arise from which aspect of the aorta

A

Lateral

113
Q

The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries originate in between which other two arteries on the aorta

A

Below celiac axis

Above SMA

114
Q

The adrenal (suprarenal) arteries move which direction in the body to the adrenal glands

A

Obliquely

115
Q

The second anterior branch off the aorta is the

A

SMA

116
Q

The SMA courses which direction and has a district appearance like what

A

Looks like a hook

Courses anterior then inferior

117
Q

What artery supplies the small intestine, ascending colon, right colon, mid transverse colon

A

SMA

118
Q

The renal arteries branch off which aspect of the aorta

A

Lateral

119
Q

The renal arteries branch off just inferior to which artery

A

SMA

120
Q

Is the left or right adrenal artery longer

A

The right adrenal artery

121
Q

Which adrenal artery passes posterior to the IVC

A

The right renal artery

122
Q

The renal arteries run posterior or anterior to the renal veins

A

The renal arteries run posterior to the renal veins

123
Q

Do the renal arteries sit level with each other

A

No. Right renal artery sits more inferior because the liver pushes it down

124
Q

The gonadal arteries branch off of what aspect of the aorta

A

Anterior

125
Q

The gonadal arteries branch off of the aorta inferior to which arteries

A

Renal arteries

126
Q

The gonadal arteries travel which direction

A

Inferiorly and obliquely

127
Q

The gonadal arteries in females and males are known as what respectively

A

Ovarian

Testicular

128
Q

The IMA branches off at what level

A

L3

129
Q

What direction does the IMA travel

A

Inferior leftward path

130
Q

Which artery supplies the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

A

IMA

131
Q

About how many pairs of lumbar arteries are there

A

4-5

132
Q

The lumbar arteries branch off the aorta in what aspect

A

Lateral and posterior

133
Q

Which arteries supply the lumbar region

A

Lumbar arteries

134
Q

The most inferior branch of the aorta is which artery

A

Median sacral artery

135
Q

Which arteries supply the sacrum

A

Median sacral arteries

136
Q

The aorta bifurcates at which level and forms what

A

Bifurcates at L4 and forms right and left common iliac arteries

137
Q

The iliac arteries travel in which direction

A

Downward and lateral

138
Q

The common iliac arteries branch into what

A

Internal iliac arteries

External iliac arteries

139
Q

The common iliac arteries sit posterior or anterior to the common iliac veins

A

The common iliac arteries sit anterior to the common iliac veins

140
Q

Veins carry blood away or to the heart

A

Carry blood back to the heart

141
Q

Do veins carry deoxygenated blood or oxygenated blood and what is the exception

A

Veins carry deoxygenated blood except pulmonary veins

142
Q

Are vein vessel walls collapsible

A

Yes

143
Q

Do veins have higher or lower pressure blood flow

A

Lower

144
Q

Veins are formed from what

A

Formed by the union of smaller veins

145
Q

Largest vein in the body is

A

The inferior vena cava

146
Q

The union of the common iliac veins happen at what level

A

About L5

147
Q

The IVC pierces the diaphragm at what level

A

T8

148
Q

Superiorly and inferiorly the IVC sits where

A

Superior - anterior

Inferior - posterior

149
Q

Is the IVC retroperitoneal or peritoneal

A

Retroperitoneal (behind peritoneal sac)

150
Q

What are the six tributaries to the IVC

A 
Common iliac veins 
Lumbar veins
Right gonadal vein 
Right/left renal veins
Right suprarenal (adrenal) vein 
Hepatic veins
151
Q

The iliac veins are formed by what and at what level

A

Formed by union of external and internal iliac veins at S1

152
Q

Common iliac veins travel in what direction

A

Lateral to medial

153
Q

Do the common iliac veins sit anterior or posterior to common iliac arteries

A

the common iliac veins sit posterior to common iliac arteries

154
Q

Do the common iliac veins sit anterior or posterior to ureters

A

Posterior

155
Q

About how many pairs of lumbar veins are there

A

4-5

156
Q

The lumbar veins enter the IVC in which aspect

A

Lateral walls

157
Q

The lumbar veins drain into what

A

IVC (also know as azygos system)

158
Q

The gonadal veins can also be referred to as what in females and males respectively

A

Ovarian and testicular

159
Q

The gonadal veins ascend along the path of what muscle

A

Psoas muscle

Upwards and towards middle

160
Q

Are the gonadal veins posterior or anterior to ureters

A

Anterior

161
Q

The right gonadal vein empties into what

A

Anterior IVC below renal vein

162
Q

The left gonadal vein empties into what

A

The left renal vein

163
Q

The renal veins come from where and drain into what

A

Exit the renal hilum and drains into the lateral IVC

164
Q

Do the renal veins sit anterior or posterior to the renal arteries

A

the renal veins sit anterior to the renal arteries

165
Q

Is the right or left renal vein shorter

A

The right is shorter

166
Q

Which renal vein sits slightly inferior to the other

A

The right sits slights inferior due to the liver pushing it down

167
Q

The left renal vein runs posterior to what structure and anterior to what structure

A

Posterior to SMA

Anterior to aorta

168
Q

Which two veins empty into the left renal vein

A 
Left gonadal vein 
Left suprarenal (adrenal) vein
169
Q

The right adrenal vein drains into what

A

IVC

170
Q

The left adrenal vein drains into what

A

The left renal vein

171
Q

What are the three hepatic veins

A

Right
Middle
Left

172
Q

The hepatic veins travel in what directions

A

Anterior inferior to posterior superior

173
Q

The hepatic veins empty into what where

A

IVC just below diaphragm

Sectional Anatomy (4 decks)

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