Basic Concepts and Definition Flashcards
Statistics came from the Latin word “status” which means?
State
By the ___ century, the term “statistics” designated the systematic collection of demographic and economic data by states.
18th
A branch of Science that deals with the development of methods for a more effective way of collecting, organizing, summarizing, presenting, and analyzing data.
Statistics
What type of statistics does this belong to?
•Collection of data
•From populations
•From samples
•Organization of data
•Summary of data
•Presentation of data
•Tables
•GraphsDescriptive Statistics
What type of statistics does this belong to?
•Analysis of data
•Generalize from samples to populations
•Perform estimations and hypothesis testing •Determining relationships among variables
•Making predictions
Inferential Statistics
An object (or subject) on which a measurement is taken.
Element
It consists of all subjects (or elements) that are being studied.
Population
It is a group of subjects selected from a population.
Sample
It is a characteristic or attribute that can assume different values. It is denoted by the capital letters of the English alphabet.
Variable
The values (measurements or observations) that the variables can assume.
Data
A collection of data values forms a _____.
Data Set
Variables that can be placed in distinct categories, according to some characteristic or attribute.
Qualitative Variables
Variables that are numerical and can be ordered or ranked.
Quantitative Variables
Variables that assume values that can be counted.
Discrete Variables
Variables that can assume all values between any two specific values. They are obtained by measuring.
Continuous Variables
It is the process of assigning a value to a characteristic of the object that is being measured.
Measurement
The ___________ classifies data into mutually exclusive (non-overlapping), exhaustive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data.
Nominal level of measurement
- Zip code: 9200 (Iligan City) 1101 (Diliman, Quezon City) 8000 (Davao City) 8002 (Digos)
- Gender (male, female)
- Nationality
are examples of what level of measurement?
Nominal level of measurement
The __________ classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however precise differences between the ranks do not exist (there is no equality of scale between ranks).
Ordinal level of measurement
- Judging (first place, second place, etc.)
- Rating scale (poor, good, excellent)
- Military ranks (General, Lt. Gen., Maj. Gen., Brig. Gen., Colonel, etc.)
are examples of what level of measurement?
Ordinal level of measurement
The _____________ ranks data and precise differences between units of measure do exist; however there is no meaningful zero.
Interval level of measurement
- Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
- Temperature
are examples of what level of measurement?
Interval level of measurement
The ____________ possesses all the characteristics of interval measurement, and there exists a true zero. In addition, true ratios exist when the same variable is measured on two different members of the population.
Ratio level of measurement
- Height
- Weight
- Age
are examples of what level of measurement?
Ratio level of measurement
What are the Scales of Measurement?
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
What are the classifications and types of variables?
Qualitative, Quantitative, Discrete, Continuous
It is a summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the population.
Parameter
It is a summary measure describing a specific characteristic of the sample.
Statistic
Statistics also came from the German word “statistik” which means?
Study of political facts and figures
Statistics also came from the Italian word “statista” which means?
Statesman or Politician
