Basic Concepts (Anaphy ) Flashcards
Structural / functional unit of nervous system
Neurons
Chemical messengers
Neurotransmitters
Where does the Brain located, CNS or PNS?
CNS
What are located in the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
How many hemispheres does the Brain have?
2 (right and left)
Where exactly are the hemispheres located?
Cerebrum
Function of cerebrum
Motor, sensory, thoughts / learning
Left hemisphere function
2L’s
Logic and language
Right hemisphere function
3 T’S
emoTion
arTistic
spaTial
Motor sensory control of the hemispheres
Contralateral
Outer most layer of the brain
Cerebral cortex
Where does the four lobes located? And what are the four lobes?
Location: cerebral cortex
four lobes:
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
Mental status exam in psychiatry (example: your wallet fell, what would you do? → Pupulutin mo diba? ) mental status exam is related to what lobe of the cerebrum?
Frontal lobe ( morals, emotions, reasoning and judgement, concentration, abstraction, memory retention )
Speech center in frontal lobe?
Broca’s area
Damaged frontal lobe ( Broca’s area → the speech center ) what will happen?
Expressive aphasia (cannot speak)
Parietal lobe function
2P’s - pain and pressure
3T’s - touch, taste, temperature
Occipital is known as the?
Visual center
What happens is occipital lobe is damaged?
Cannot read → Alexia ( disorder )
What area is the temporal lobe is known as the auditory center?
Wernicke’s area
if temporal lobe ( wernicke’s area → auditory center ) is damaged, what happens?
Cannot understand: receptive aphasia (disorder)
Where in the brain controls the emotional responses?
Limbic system
Converts short term to long term memory like in dementia
Hippocampus
Responsible for emotion and sex?
Amygdala
Coordinates with balance and posture
Cerebellum
Primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control?
Diencephalon
Secrete melatonin
Epithalamus
3 parts of diencephalon
Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus
Relays sensory information to cortex
Thalamus
Links between nervous and endocrine system by regulation of pituitary gland; regulates ANS → responses of SNS, PNS; thermoregulatory center
Hypothalamus
Brainstem is basically our way to?
Survive
Motor coordination of the brainstem?
Midbrain
What reflex is used in this situation: you see a bee, you duck
Visual reflex
What reflex is used in this situation: you hear a honk, you turn
Auditory reflex
Rhythm of breathing controlled by what part in the brainstem?
Pons
Where in pons prolongs inhalation?
Apneustic center
What area in the pons contributes to exhalation?
Pneumotaxic center
Vital and reflex center of brainstem
Medulla oblangata
Decussation of nerve fibers
Lower medulla
What system controls sleep wake cycles?
Reticular activating system
Reticular activating system controls
Sleep wake cycles
Medulla oblongata functions
Reflex center (for coughing, swallowing and vomiting )
Cardiovascular - respiratory regulation (rr, bp, HR )
Decussation/ crossing of nerve fibers
Autonomic nervous system’s covered systems?
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic NS function
Rest and digest
Sympathetic NS function
Fight or flight
Medication to activate parasympathetic NS:
Cholinergics
Medication to deactivate parasympathetic NS:
Anti-cholinergics
Medication to activate sympathetic NS:
Adrenergics
Medication to deactivate sympathetic NS:
Sympatholytics
Neurotransmitter for parasympathetic ns:
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter for SNS:
Norepinephrine, epinephrine
Effects of parasympathetic nervous system
Para - ihi
Para - tae
Para - dura
ALL is SLOW except GI/GU
Effects of sympathetic nervous system
Di maka - ihi
Di make - tae
Di maka - dura
ALL is HIGH except GI/GU
Parasympathetic nervous system
GI -
Sweat glands -
GU -
Eyes -
HR-
Respiratory tract -
GI -
Lacrimal gland -
LOC -
Salivary glands -
Parasympathetic nervous system
GI - Diarrhea
Sweat glands - Diaphoresis
GU - Urination
Eyes - Miosis (constriction)
HR- Bradycardia
Respiratory tract - Bronchoconstrition
GI - emesis
Lacrimal gland - increase lacrimation
LOC - lethargic
Salivary glands - increase salivation
Sympathetic nervous system
GI -
Sweat glands -
GU -
Eyes -
HR-
Respiratory tract -
GI -
Lacrimal gland -
LOC -
Salivary glands -
Sympathetic nervous system
GI - Constipation
Sweat glands - Diaphoresis
GU - Retention
Eyes - Mydriasis (dilation)
HR- Tachycardia
Respiratory tract - Beonchodilation
GI - no effect
Lacrimal gland - decrease lacrimation/ no tearing
LOC - Alert
Salivary glands - no saliva
Cranial nerve I is:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Olfactory
Sensory
Smell
Cranial nerve 2:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Optic
Sensory
Vision
Cranial nerve 3:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Oculomotor
Motor
Eye movements, elevation of eyelids, miosis
Cranial nerve 4:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Trochlear
Motor
Inward- downward eye movement
cranial nerve V:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Trigeminal
Both
Mastication, facial sensation
Cranial nerve VI:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Abducens
Motor
Outward eye movement
Cranial nerve VII:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Facial
Both
Facial expression (Zour, Zweet, Zalty)
Cranial nerve VIII:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Balance, hearing
Cranial nerve IX:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Glossopharyngeal
Both
Gag reflex, bitter taste
Cranial nerve X:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Vagus
Both
Decrease HR, increase GI motility
Cranial nerve XI:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Accessory
Motor
Shoulder, neck movement
Cranial nerve XII:
Sensory or motor?
Function:
Hypoglossal
Motor
Tongue
