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Neuro Refresher > Basic Concepts (Anaphy ) > Flashcards

Basic Concepts (Anaphy ) Flashcards

1
Q

Structural / functional unit of nervous system

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Chemical messengers

A

Neurotransmitters

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3
Q

Where does the Brain located, CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

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4
Q

What are located in the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

How many hemispheres does the Brain have?

A

2 (right and left)

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6
Q

Where exactly are the hemispheres located?

A

Cerebrum

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7
Q

Function of cerebrum

A

Motor, sensory, thoughts / learning

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8
Q

Left hemisphere function

A

2L’s
Logic and language

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9
Q

Right hemisphere function

A

3 T’S
emoTion
arTistic
spaTial

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10
Q

Motor sensory control of the hemispheres

A

Contralateral

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11
Q

Outer most layer of the brain

A

Cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Where does the four lobes located? And what are the four lobes?

A

Location: cerebral cortex
four lobes:
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe

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13
Q

Mental status exam in psychiatry (example: your wallet fell, what would you do? → Pupulutin mo diba? ) mental status exam is related to what lobe of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal lobe ( morals, emotions, reasoning and judgement, concentration, abstraction, memory retention )

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14
Q

Speech center in frontal lobe?

A

Broca’s area

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15
Q

Damaged frontal lobe ( Broca’s area → the speech center ) what will happen?

A

Expressive aphasia (cannot speak)

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16
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

2P’s - pain and pressure
3T’s - touch, taste, temperature

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17
Q

Occipital is known as the?

A

Visual center

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18
Q

What happens is occipital lobe is damaged?

A

Cannot read → Alexia ( disorder )

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19
Q

What area is the temporal lobe is known as the auditory center?

A

Wernicke’s area

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20
Q

if temporal lobe ( wernicke’s area → auditory center ) is damaged, what happens?

A

Cannot understand: receptive aphasia (disorder)

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21
Q

Where in the brain controls the emotional responses?

A

Limbic system

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22
Q

Converts short term to long term memory like in dementia

A

Hippocampus

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23
Q

Responsible for emotion and sex?

A

Amygdala

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24
Q

Coordinates with balance and posture

A

Cerebellum

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25
Q

Primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control?

A

Diencephalon

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26
Q

Secrete melatonin

A

Epithalamus

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27
Q

3 parts of diencephalon

A

Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus

28
Q

Relays sensory information to cortex

A

Thalamus

29
Q

Links between nervous and endocrine system by regulation of pituitary gland; regulates ANS → responses of SNS, PNS; thermoregulatory center

A

Hypothalamus

30
Q

Brainstem is basically our way to?

A

Survive

31
Q

Motor coordination of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

32
Q

What reflex is used in this situation: you see a bee, you duck

A

Visual reflex

33
Q

What reflex is used in this situation: you hear a honk, you turn

A

Auditory reflex

34
Q

Rhythm of breathing controlled by what part in the brainstem?

A

Pons

35
Q

Where in pons prolongs inhalation?

A

Apneustic center

36
Q

What area in the pons contributes to exhalation?

A

Pneumotaxic center

37
Q

Vital and reflex center of brainstem

A

Medulla oblangata

38
Q

Decussation of nerve fibers

A

Lower medulla

39
Q

What system controls sleep wake cycles?

A

Reticular activating system

40
Q

Reticular activating system controls

A

Sleep wake cycles

41
Q

Medulla oblongata functions

A

Reflex center (for coughing, swallowing and vomiting )
Cardiovascular - respiratory regulation (rr, bp, HR )
Decussation/ crossing of nerve fibers

42
Q

Autonomic nervous system’s covered systems?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

43
Q

Parasympathetic NS function

A

Rest and digest

44
Q

Sympathetic NS function

A

Fight or flight

45
Q

Medication to activate parasympathetic NS:

A

Cholinergics

46
Q

Medication to deactivate parasympathetic NS:

A

Anti-cholinergics

47
Q

Medication to activate sympathetic NS:

A

Adrenergics

48
Q

Medication to deactivate sympathetic NS:

A

Sympatholytics

49
Q

Neurotransmitter for parasympathetic ns:

A

Acetylcholine

50
Q

Neurotransmitter for SNS:

A

Norepinephrine, epinephrine

51
Q

Effects of parasympathetic nervous system

A

Para - ihi
Para - tae
Para - dura

ALL is SLOW except GI/GU

52
Q

Effects of sympathetic nervous system

A

Di maka - ihi
Di make - tae
Di maka - dura

ALL is HIGH except GI/GU

53
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system
GI -
Sweat glands -
GU -
Eyes -
HR-
Respiratory tract -
GI -
Lacrimal gland -
LOC -
Salivary glands -

A

Parasympathetic nervous system
GI - Diarrhea
Sweat glands - Diaphoresis
GU - Urination
Eyes - Miosis (constriction)
HR- Bradycardia
Respiratory tract - Bronchoconstrition
GI - emesis
Lacrimal gland - increase lacrimation
LOC - lethargic
Salivary glands - increase salivation

54
Q

Sympathetic nervous system
GI -
Sweat glands -
GU -
Eyes -
HR-
Respiratory tract -
GI -
Lacrimal gland -
LOC -
Salivary glands -

A

Sympathetic nervous system
GI - Constipation
Sweat glands - Diaphoresis
GU - Retention
Eyes - Mydriasis (dilation)
HR- Tachycardia
Respiratory tract - Beonchodilation
GI - no effect
Lacrimal gland - decrease lacrimation/ no tearing
LOC - Alert
Salivary glands - no saliva

55
Q

Cranial nerve I is:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Olfactory
Sensory
Smell

56
Q

Cranial nerve 2:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Optic
Sensory
Vision

57
Q

Cranial nerve 3:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Oculomotor
Motor
Eye movements, elevation of eyelids, miosis

58
Q

Cranial nerve 4:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Trochlear
Motor
Inward- downward eye movement

59
Q

cranial nerve V:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Trigeminal
Both
Mastication, facial sensation

60
Q

Cranial nerve VI:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Abducens
Motor
Outward eye movement

61
Q

Cranial nerve VII:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Facial
Both
Facial expression (Zour, Zweet, Zalty)

62
Q

Cranial nerve VIII:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Balance, hearing

63
Q

Cranial nerve IX:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Glossopharyngeal
Both
Gag reflex, bitter taste

64
Q

Cranial nerve X:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Vagus
Both
Decrease HR, increase GI motility

65
Q

Cranial nerve XI:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Accessory
Motor
Shoulder, neck movement

66
Q

Cranial nerve XII:
Sensory or motor?
Function:

A

Hypoglossal
Motor
Tongue

Neuro Refresher (4 decks)

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