Basic Concepts

Question 1

the taxonomy of fungi are based on

Answer 1

sexual stage, hyphae and spores

Question 2

perfect reproduction refers to

Answer 2

sexual reproduction - are products of the sexual cycle

Question 3

imperfect reproduction refers to

Answer 3

asexual reproduction - the asexual spores are produced via mitosis and cell division

Question 4

how can we differentiate fungi from bacteria

Answer 4

cell wall composition, response to antibiotics, nuclear material arrangement, size, has true nuclei, the presence or absence of mitochondria and ER

Question 5

the plasma membrane and cell wall of fungi are made of

Answer 5

ergosterol and chitin, respectively

Question 6

how do fungi metabolize

Answer 6

they obtain their carbon compounds via absorption of nutrients through their cell wall. small molecules diffuse through the cell wall while macromolecules + insoluble polymers undergo prelim digestion by enzymes released

Question 7

what is unique about the hyphae and septum structure

Answer 7

nuclei can move freely between the septum - intercellular migration of nuclei

Question 8

aerial hyphae and vegetative mycelium

Answer 8

aerial hyphae grow above surface of the agar, giving mold colony color, texture and used for reproduction. vegetative mycelium is used for nutrition

Question 9

mycelial growth

Answer 9

mycelial growth typically involves the growth of hyphae at the tips

Question 10

mycelial fungal reproduction

Answer 10

the reprodcutive structures of the fungi are its spores, which each can create its own colony

Question 11

blastic conidiogenesis and an example

Answer 11

an example of blastic conidiogenesis- Penicillum

Question 12

thallic conidiogenesis and an example

Answer 12

an example of thallic conidiogenesis - Trichphyton and Coccidiodes immitis

Question 13

yeast tend to reproduce

Answer 13

asexually by budding

Question 14

best ways our bodies prevent fungal growth

Answer 14

intact skin, endogenous long chain unsaturated fatty acids, dryness, epithelial turnover rate, lined body surfaces, pH competing with the normal bacterial flora

Question 15

the three general clinical presentations of fungal infections

Answer 15

cutaneous, subcutaneous, opportunistic infections and systemic mycoses, and can produce disease by eliciting an immune response

Question 16

the diagnosis of fungal infections is based on

Answer 16

microscopy, culture, use of stains to enhance visualization, biopsy, radiographs

Question 17

Wood’s lamp/ uv light

Answer 17

best used for the detection of hair, skin, nails infections in certain dermatophytes

Question 18

the examination of specimens

Answer 18

specimens are examined macroscopically and microscopically, checking for bloody, purulent and necrotic areas

Question 19

KOH prep and how its used

Answer 19

KOH prep is important for detecting fungal elements from cellular material, KOH dissolves cellular material allowing for detection of hyphae an etc

Question 20

Parker’s blue black and KOH prep

Answer 20

parker’s blue black is added to the KOH, it binds to the KOH and enhances visualization

Question 21

India ink Prep

Answer 21

useful for the visualization of yeasts with capsules, used to detect the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 22

Calcoflour white stain

Answer 22

used for the direct examination of most fungal specimens using fluorescent microscopy

Question 23

gram stain

Answer 23

the gram stain is used for the identification of very few stains, a poor stain to use with clinical specimens for fungi