basic concept of ststs Flashcards

1
Q

is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information
to draw conclusions or to answer questions.

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

I is not an exact Science. It is usually considered a distinct mathematical science
rather than a branch of mathematics.

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is about providing a measure of confidence in any conclusions.

A

Statistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

used to describe the entire population being studied.

A

Parameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

process of statistics
ICOD

A
  • Identify the research objective
  • Collect the information needed to answer the questions.
  • Organize and summarize the information.
  • Draw conclusion from the information.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The total collection of all the elements that we are interested in
is called

A

population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A subgroup of the population that will be
studied in detail is called

A

sample.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify the research objective(dq)

A
  • determine the question you want to be answered
  • question must be detailed to identify the group to be studied
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables
of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated
research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

A

Data collection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Importance of Data Collection
EHABHII

A
  • empowers you to make informed decisions.
  • helps you identify problems.
  • allows you to develop accurate theories.
  • backup your arguments.
  • helps you get your hands-on funding.
  • increases your return on assets.
  • improves quality of life.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Consequences from Improperly Collected Data
IIDMCC

A

I Inability to answer research questions accurately
I Inability to repeat and validate the study
I Distorted findings resulting in wasted resources
I Misleading other researchers to pursue fruitless avenues of investigation
I Compromising decisions for public policy
I Causing harm to human participants and animal subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Steps in Data Gathering
SDDDC

A
  1. Set the objectives for collecting data.
  2. Determine the data needed based on the set objectives.
  3. Determine the method to be used in data gathering and define the
    comprehensive data collection points.
  4. Design data gathering forms to be used.
  5. Collect data.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

provide a first-hand account of an event or time period and
are considered to be authoritative. They represent original thinking, reports on
discoveries or events, or they can share new information. Often these sources
are created at the time the events occurred but they can also include sources
that are created later.

A

Primary sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sources offer an analysis, interpretation or a restatement of
primary sources and are considered to be persuasive. They often involve
generalization, synthesis, interpretation, commentary or evaluation in an
attempt to convince the reader of the creator’s argument.

A

Secondary sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Methods of Collecting Primary Data: The researcher has direct contact with the interviewee.
The researcher gathers information by asking questions to the interviewee.

A

Direct personal interviews.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Methods of Collecting Primary Data: This methods of data collection involve sourcing
and accessing existing data that were originally collected for

A

Indirect/Questionnaire Method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Methods of Collecting Primary Data: is a group interview of approximately six to twelve people who share
similar characteristics or common interests. A facilitator guides the group based on a
predetermined set of topics.

A

Focus group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Methods of Collecting Primary Data: is a method of collecting data where there is direct human intervention
on the conditions that may affect the values of the variable of interest.

A

Experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Methods of Collecting Primary Data: is a method of collecting data on the phenomenon of interest by
recording the observations made about the phenomenon as it actually happens.

A

Observation

20
Q

Methods of Collecting Secondary Data

PFRII

A
  1. Published report on newspaper and periodicals
  2. Financial Data reported in annual reports
  3. Records maintained by the institution
  4. Internal reports of the government departments
  5. Information from official publications
21
Q

describe the information collected through numerical
measurements, charts, graphs, and tables. The main purpose of this statistics is to provide an overview of the information collected.

A

Descriptive statistics

22
Q

uses methods that take results obtained from a sample,
extend them to the population, and measure the reliability of the result.

A

Inferential statistics

23
Q

inferential or descriptive: Out of 200 students surveyed, 50% of them were not able to cope in an online class setting.

A

Descriptive

24
Q

inferential or descriptive: It is estimated that 50% of students in the Philippines were not able to cope in
an online class setting.

A

inferential

25
inferential or descriptive: A badminton player wants to know his average score for the past 10 games.
descriptive
26
inferential or descriptive: A car manufacturer wishes to estimate the average lifetime of batteries by testing a sample of 50 batteries.
inferential
27
inferential or descriptive: Janine wants to determine the variability of her six exam scores in Algebra.
descriptive
28
the characteristics that differentiate every individual within the population/sample.
Variables
29
variables that yield categorical responses. It is a word or a code that represents a class or category.
Qualitative variables
30
variables that take on numerical values representing an amount or quantity.
Quantitative variables
31
quali or quanti: hair color
quali
32
quali or quanti: temperature
quanti
33
quali or quanti: no. of hamburger sold
quanti
34
quali or quanti: no of children
quanti
35
quali or quanti: zipcode
quali
36
a quantitative variable that has either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values. The term countable means that the values result from counting, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on.
Discrete variable
36
a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not countable.
continuous variable
37
refers to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable.
level of measurement
38
Levels of Measurement Identify, name, classify, or categorize objects or events. Method of payment (cash, check, debit card, credit card), Type of school (public vs. private), Eye Color (Blue, Green, Brown)
Nominal Level
39
Levels of Measurement Like nominal scales, identify, name, classify, or categorize, objects or events but have an additional property of a logical or natural order to the categories or values. Examples: Rank of a Military officer, Social Economic Class (First, Middle, Lower)
Ordinal Level
40
Levels of Measurement Identify, have ordered values, and have the additional property of equal distances or intervals between scales. Example: Temperature on Fahrenheit/Celsius Thermometer, Trait anxiety (e.g., high anxious vs. low anxious), IQ (e.g., high IQ vs. average IQ vs. low IQ)
Interval Level
41
Levels of Measurement identify, order, represent equal distances between scores values, and have an absolute zero point. Example: Height, Weight, Number of words correctly spelled
Ratio Level
42
nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio Ranking of college athletic teams
ordinal
43
nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio: Employee number
nominal
44
nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio: Number of vehicles registered
ratio
45
nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio: Brands of soft drinks
nominal
46
nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio: Number of car passers along C5 on a given day
ratio