Basic Concept of Polymer Flashcards
1
Q
Polymer was Coined by Jons Jacob Berzelius
A
1833
2
Q
Polymer was defined by a modern definition by Hermann
Staudinger
A
1920
3
Q
The Horners Company of
London recorded use of
horn and tortoiseshell as
the predominant early
natural plastic.
A
1284
4
Q
British explorers
discovered the Ancient
Mayan civilization in
Central America.
Mayans first to find application (balls made from rubber trees)
A
1500’s
5
Q
Charles Macintosh
(1766-1843) uses
rubber gum for
making waterproof
garments
A
1823
6
Q
Anselme Payen
(1795-1871)
identified a
compound extracted
from wood which he
named cellulose.
A
1838
7
Q
Eduard Simon (1789-
1856) discovered
polystyrene.
A
1839
8
Q
Charles Goodyear
discovered
______________ by
combining natural
rubber with sulfur and
heating it in 270 F
A
Vulcanization
9
Q
Goodyear patents
the vulcanization of
rubber
A
1844
10
Q
Christian Friedrich
Schonbein (1799-
1868) synthesized
nitrocellulose
(nitrated cellulose)
A
1846
11
Q
Alexander Parkes (1813-1890)
patents the first thermoplastic
(Parkesine) made by adding
plasticizer to nitrocellulose
A
1856
12
Q
Fritz Klatte discovered polyvinyl acetate and
patented the manufacturing process for PVC.
A
1912
13
Q
Leo Baekeland produced phenol-formaldehyde, the
first truly synthetic plastic, Bakelite
A
1907
14
Q
Cast with
pigments to resemble onyx, jade, marble, and amber,
A
Phenolic resin
15
Q
Viscose silk (rayon) was developed by Cross and Bevan.
A
1892
16
Q
Eugen Baumann (1846-1896) was the one of
the fist people to create polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).
A
1872
17
Q
The Hyatt brothers (John Wesley and Isaiah)
in America produced celluloid from cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor
A
1868
18
Q
The unstable and subsequently procedure of Hyatt brothers led to the development of
A
cellulose acetate
19
Q
B. F. Goodrich discovered how to make sheets and
adhesives from poly(vinyl chloride)—and the “vinyl age”
began.
A
1926
20
Q
‘Scotch’ tape, the first transparent sticky tape invented
in US by 3M Company
A
1930
21
Q
The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in 1933 by Eric
Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at the Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI) works in Northwich, England
A
1933
22
Q
Melamine formaldehyde resins were
developed.
A
1933
23
Q
Wallace Carothers, working for DuPont
invented polyhexamethylene-adipamide.
DuPont named this product nylon.
A
1935
24
Q
The Wulff Brothers in
Germany produced
commercially viable
polystyrene.
A
1936
25
Otto Bayer patented
polyurethane.
1937
26
Roy Plunkett,
working for DuPont,
accidentally
discovered polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE),
tramarked Teflon.
1938
27
Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET),
a saturated polyester
patented by John
Rex Whinfield and
James Tennant
Dickson.
1941
28
the **polyethylene bag **makes its first
appearance
1950s
29
**Polyethylene terephthalate** beverage bottles
introduced
1973
30
Color and design
1960s & 70s
31
High performance plastics
1980s & 90s
32
First Blue **HDPE pressure pipes** for potable
water introduced into UK.
1980
33
Nanotechnology, AirbusA380, iPod
2000 to 2010
34
Nano-Technology applied to polymer
and composite applications
2000s
35
Scientists at Rice University, Texas have created a new super polymer material that
can stop a 9mm bullet and seal the hole behind it
Bullet Proof Polymer
36
Space Flights Lightweight carbon composite materials will be crucial in the realisation of suborbital tourist spaceflights
Commercial
37
Medical grade and implantable biomaterials such as PEEK will be used in
neurological applications to help control epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and brain trauma
Implantable Polymers
38
A polymer solar cell that can produce electricity from sunlight by the photovoltaic effect
provides a lightweight, disposable and inexpensive alternative to traditional solar panels
Plastic Solar Cells
39
Developed by the University of Sheffield to mimic haemoglobin, for use in trauma
situations where blood is needed quickly
Plastics Blood
40
Body Parts Using plastic materials such as PMMA car parts can be printed at
home and doctors can produce replica livers or kidneys for transplant patients
3D Printed
41
During the height of COVID-19, plastics companies were called upon to
deliver over 50,000 bottles of hand sanitiser per week to the NHS.
COVID-19
42
Organic light-emitting diodes are placed on plastic foil to
create electronic devices with flexible displays
Flexible Plastic Screens
43
In the future all driverless vehicles will be almost entirely constructed
from plastic parts due to the light weighting properties they provide
Driverless Cars
44
The growth will be not only from the development
of new polymers, but also from the ________-and ________ modification of existing ones.
chemical and
physical
45
This will continue as long as **petroleum and
other feedstocks **are available and as long as
consumers continue to **enjoy the comfort, protection,
and health benefits** provided by **elastomers, fibers,
plastics, adhesives, and coatings.**
Polymer age
46
Importance of Polymer Engg in Chemical Engg Career
1. Select the right material and the production process
for an application.
2. Assess product liability
3. Develop and automate production
techniques
4. Design for recyclability
5. Solve problems
6. Challenge and replace traditional
materials
SCADDS
1. Select the right material and the production process
for an application.
2. Challenge and replace traditional
materials
3. Assess product liability
4 Develop and automate production
techniques
5. sign for recyclability
6.olve problems
47
When & Where was CHALLENGER, SPACE SHUTTLE DISASTER (Challenger STS-26)
January 28, 1986, Kennedy Space Center
48
involves such consideration as the
material properties (mechanical, thermal, electrical,
optical, and chemical); service conditions (e.g., operating
temperature and humidity) and service life; impact on the
environment and health and safety; economics;
appearance (e.g., shape, color, surface finish, decoration);
type of production (injection molding, extrusion,
compression molding, resin transfer molding, etc.) and
production-related material behavior (e.g., flow,
shrinkage, residual stresses, weld lines, etc.)
Selection
49
The disaster resulted in the death of all seven crew
members on board, including Commander ?
and pilot ?
Francis Scobee, Michael J. Smith
50
The disaster apparently resulted from not choosing quite the
right _______ for the fuel system
rubber seal
51
The _________became
rigid and **lost its resilience/pliability** at **low temperatures** and
resulted in fuel seepage
O-ring seal
52
The seal was made of ________, which can **crystallize under stress**
silicone
rubber
53
Therefore, when considering new materials,
assess:
**epapas
**
1.environmental impact and
health and safety
2.properties
3. availability
4.processability
5. aesthetics and history of the
product
6.suitability/functionality, even
under extreme conditions
54
Engineers are responsible to ensure that their **choice of material will not endanger the user** by, for example
- breaking prematurely or
- by releasing toxic constituents or
- fail to perform suitably under the real conditions of use.
Assess product liability
55
Considerations in design that have a direct bearing
on product liability and safety are:
**PREMCHEDFMTC**
* Packaging and shipping
* Reliability requirements
* Environmental considerations
* Market and sales information
* Critical parts involved
* High risk uses
* End-use requirements
* Design characteristics
* Function of product
* Maintenance and operation demands
* Test consideration
* Conformance to standards and regulatoryrequirements
56
_________ is a molecule of high
relative molecular mass
macromolecule
57
structure of
which essentially comprises the **multiple
repetition** of units derived, actually or
conceptually, from molecules of l**ow
relative molecular mass**
macromolecule
58
substance composed of macromolecules
polymer
59
The term polymer stems from the Greek roots poly ______ and
________ (part).
(many), meros
60
designates a
molecule made up by the repetition of some simpler unit called a _______________
mer
61
A ___________ is a long-chain molecule that is composed of a large
number of repeating units of ____________________
polymer , identical structure
62
Polymers are prepared by joining a large number of small molecules called ________________________
monomers
63
polystyrene
64
depicts what?
mer or repeating unit of the molecule (polystyrene)
65
n value?
represent the number of repeating units in the polymer
molecule
66
defined a modern definition
**Hermann
Staudinger**
67
he coined polymerization
Jons Jacob Berzelius
68
uses
rubber gum for
making waterproof
garments
**Charles Macintosh**
69
identified a
compound extracted
from wood which he
named cellulose.
**Anselme Payen**
(1795-1871)
70
discovered
polystyrene.
Eduard Simon (1789-
1856)
71
discovered vulcanization
by
combining natural
rubber with sulfur and
heating it in 270 F
Charles Goodyear
72
synthesized
nitrocellulose
(nitrated cellulose)
Christian Friedrich
Schonbein (1799-
1868)
73
patents the first thermoplastic
(Parkesine) made by adding
plasticizer to nitrocellulose
Alexander Parkes (1813-1890)
74
first thermoplastic
(Parkesine)
75
discovered polyvinyl acetate and
patented the manufacturing process for PVC.
Fritz Klatte
76
people in America produced celluloid from cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor.
The Hyatt brothers (John Wesley and Isaiah)
77
celluloid form from
cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor
78
was the one of
the fist people to create polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)
Eugen Baumann (1846-1896)
79
Viscose silk (rayon) was developed by
Cross and Bevan.
80
first truly synthetic plastic,
Bakelite
81
_____________ discovered how to make sheets and
adhesives from poly(vinyl chloride)
B. F. Goodrich
82
vinyl age began
1926
83
‘Scotch’ tape, the first transparent sticky tape invented
by
by 3M Company in US
84
The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in 1933 by
Eric
Fawcett and Reginald Gibson
85
The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in 1933 at
the Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI) works in Northwich, England.
86
He works for DuPont
invented polyhexamethylene-adipamide.
DuPont named this product nylon
Wallace Carothers
87
DuPont's full name for nylon
polyhexamethylene-adipamide.
88
They
produced
commercially viable
**polystyrene** in Germany
**Wulff Brothers**
89
patented
polyurethane.
Otto Bayer
90
He
worked for DuPont,
accidentally
discovered polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE),
tramarked Teflon
Roy Plunkett
91
DuPont's full name for Teflon
polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE)
92
Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET),
a saturated polyester
patented by
John
Rex Whinfield and
James Tennant
Dickson.
93
a saturated polyester
Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET)
94
(Textiles, Fashion, Toys, Domestic uses)
1950s
95
HPDE means
High Density Poly Ethylene
96
They created Bullet Proof Polymer, a new super polymer material that
can stop a 9mm bullet and seal the hole behind it
Scientists at Rice University, Texas
97
Developed Plastics Blood to mimic haemoglobin, for use in trauma
situations where blood is needed quickly
by the University of Sheffield
98
Example of medical grade and implantable biomaterials that will be used in
neurological applications to help control epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and brain trauma
PEEK
99
During the height of COVID-19, plastics companies were called upon to
deliver over ________ of hand sanitiser per week to the _________
50,000 bottles , NHS
100
material properties
mechanical, thermal, electrical,
optical, and chemical
101
service condition
operating
temperature and humidity
102
appearance
shape, color, surface finish, decoration
103
type of production
injection molding, extrusion,
compression molding, resin transfer molding, etc.
104
production-related material behavior
flow,
shrinkage, residual stresses, weld lines, etc.
105
considerations under selection
material properties
service conditions
service life
impact on the environment and health and safety
economics
appearance
type of production
production-related material behavior
**misspate**
