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qawsed > Basic Concept of Polymer > Flashcards

Basic Concept of Polymer Flashcards

1
Q

Polymer was Coined by Jons Jacob Berzelius

A

1833

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2
Q

Polymer was defined by a modern definition by Hermann
Staudinger

A

1920

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3
Q

The Horners Company of
London recorded use of
horn and tortoiseshell as
the predominant early
natural plastic.

A

1284

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4
Q

British explorers
discovered the Ancient
Mayan civilization in
Central America.

Mayans first to find application (balls made from rubber trees)

A

1500’s

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5
Q

Charles Macintosh
(1766-1843) uses
rubber gum for
making waterproof
garments

A

1823

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6
Q

Anselme Payen
(1795-1871)
identified a
compound extracted
from wood which he
named cellulose.

A

1838

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7
Q

Eduard Simon (1789-
1856) discovered
polystyrene.

A

1839

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8
Q

Charles Goodyear
discovered
______________ by
combining natural
rubber with sulfur and
heating it in 270 F

A

Vulcanization

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9
Q

Goodyear patents
the vulcanization of
rubber

A

1844

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10
Q

Christian Friedrich
Schonbein (1799-
1868) synthesized
nitrocellulose
(nitrated cellulose)

A

1846

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11
Q

Alexander Parkes (1813-1890)
patents the first thermoplastic
(Parkesine) made by adding
plasticizer to nitrocellulose

A

1856

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12
Q

Fritz Klatte discovered polyvinyl acetate and
patented the manufacturing process for PVC.

A

1912

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13
Q

Leo Baekeland produced phenol-formaldehyde, the
first truly synthetic plastic, Bakelite

A

1907

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14
Q

Cast with
pigments to resemble onyx, jade, marble, and amber,

A

Phenolic resin

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15
Q

Viscose silk (rayon) was developed by Cross and Bevan.

A

1892

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16
Q

Eugen Baumann (1846-1896) was the one of
the fist people to create polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).

A

1872

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17
Q

The Hyatt brothers (John Wesley and Isaiah)
in America produced celluloid from cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor

A

1868

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18
Q

The unstable and subsequently procedure of Hyatt brothers led to the development of

A

cellulose acetate

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19
Q

B. F. Goodrich discovered how to make sheets and
adhesives from poly(vinyl chloride)—and the “vinyl age”
began.

A

1926

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20
Q

‘Scotch’ tape, the first transparent sticky tape invented
in US by 3M Company

A

1930

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21
Q

The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in 1933 by Eric
Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at the Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI) works in Northwich, England

A

1933

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22
Q

Melamine formaldehyde resins were
developed.

A

1933

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23
Q

Wallace Carothers, working for DuPont
invented polyhexamethylene-adipamide.
DuPont named this product nylon.

A

1935

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24
Q

The Wulff Brothers in
Germany produced
commercially viable
polystyrene.

A

1936

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25
Q

Otto Bayer patented
polyurethane.

A

1937

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26
Q

Roy Plunkett,
working for DuPont,
accidentally
discovered polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE),
tramarked Teflon.

A

1938

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27
Q

Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET),
a saturated polyester
patented by John
Rex Whinfield and
James Tennant
Dickson.

A

1941

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28
Q

the **polyethylene bag **makes its first
appearance

A

1950s

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29
Q

Polyethylene terephthalate beverage bottles
introduced

A

1973

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30
Q

Color and design

A

1960s & 70s

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31
Q

High performance plastics

A

1980s & 90s

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32
Q

First Blue HDPE pressure pipes for potable
water introduced into UK.

A

1980

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33
Q

Nanotechnology, AirbusA380, iPod

A

2000 to 2010

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34
Q

Nano-Technology applied to polymer
and composite applications

A

2000s

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35
Q

Scientists at Rice University, Texas have created a new super polymer material that
can stop a 9mm bullet and seal the hole behind it

A

Bullet Proof Polymer

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36
Q

Space Flights Lightweight carbon composite materials will be crucial in the realisation of suborbital tourist spaceflights

A

Commercial

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37
Q

Medical grade and implantable biomaterials such as PEEK will be used in
neurological applications to help control epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and brain trauma

A

Implantable Polymers

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38
Q

A polymer solar cell that can produce electricity from sunlight by the photovoltaic effect
provides a lightweight, disposable and inexpensive alternative to traditional solar panels

A

Plastic Solar Cells

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39
Q

Developed by the University of Sheffield to mimic haemoglobin, for use in trauma
situations where blood is needed quickly

A

Plastics Blood

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40
Q

Body Parts Using plastic materials such as PMMA car parts can be printed at
home and doctors can produce replica livers or kidneys for transplant patients

A

3D Printed

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41
Q

During the height of COVID-19, plastics companies were called upon to
deliver over 50,000 bottles of hand sanitiser per week to the NHS.

A

COVID-19

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42
Q

Organic light-emitting diodes are placed on plastic foil to
create electronic devices with flexible displays

A

Flexible Plastic Screens

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43
Q

In the future all driverless vehicles will be almost entirely constructed
from plastic parts due to the light weighting properties they provide

A

Driverless Cars

44
Q

The growth will be not only from the development
of new polymers, but also from the ________-and ________ modification of existing ones.

A

chemical and
physical

45
Q

This will continue as long as **petroleum and
other feedstocks **are available and as long as
consumers continue to enjoy the comfort, protection,
and health benefits provided by elastomers, fibers,
plastics, adhesives, and coatings.

A

Polymer age

46
Q

Importance of Polymer Engg in Chemical Engg Career

A
  1. Select the right material and the production process
    for an application.
  2. Assess product liability
  3. Develop and automate production
    techniques
  4. Design for recyclability
  5. Solve problems
  6. Challenge and replace traditional
    materials

SCADDS

  1. Select the right material and the production process
    for an application.
  2. Challenge and replace traditional
    materials
  3. Assess product liability
    4 Develop and automate production
    techniques
  4. sign for recyclability
    6.olve problems
47
Q

When & Where was CHALLENGER, SPACE SHUTTLE DISASTER (Challenger STS-26)

A

January 28, 1986, Kennedy Space Center

48
Q

involves such consideration as the
material properties (mechanical, thermal, electrical,
optical, and chemical); service conditions (e.g., operating
temperature and humidity) and service life; impact on the
environment and health and safety; economics;
appearance (e.g., shape, color, surface finish, decoration);
type of production (injection molding, extrusion,
compression molding, resin transfer molding, etc.) and
production-related material behavior (e.g., flow,
shrinkage, residual stresses, weld lines, etc.)

A

Selection

49
Q

The disaster resulted in the death of all seven crew
members on board, including Commander ?
and pilot ?

A

Francis Scobee, Michael J. Smith

50
Q

The disaster apparently resulted from not choosing quite the
right _______ for the fuel system

A

rubber seal

51
Q

The _________became
rigid and lost its resilience/pliability at low temperatures and
resulted in fuel seepage

A

O-ring seal

52
Q

The seal was made of ________, which can crystallize under stress

A

silicone
rubber

53
Q

Therefore, when considering new materials,
assess:

A

**epapas
**
1.environmental impact and
health and safety
2.properties
3. availability
4.processability
5. aesthetics and history of the
product
6.suitability/functionality, even
under extreme conditions

54
Q

Engineers are responsible to ensure that their choice of material will not endanger the user by, for example
- breaking prematurely or
- by releasing toxic constituents or
- fail to perform suitably under the real conditions of use.

A

Assess product liability

55
Q

Considerations in design that have a direct bearing
on product liability and safety are:

A

PREMCHEDFMTC

  • Packaging and shipping
  • Reliability requirements
  • Environmental considerations
  • Market and sales information
  • Critical parts involved
  • High risk uses
  • End-use requirements
  • Design characteristics
  • Function of product
  • Maintenance and operation demands
  • Test consideration
  • Conformance to standards and regulatoryrequirements
56
Q

_________ is a molecule of high
relative molecular mass

A

macromolecule

57
Q

structure of
which essentially comprises the multiple
repetition of units derived, actually or
conceptually, from molecules of low
relative molecular mass

A

macromolecule

58
Q

substance composed of macromolecules

A

polymer

59
Q

The term polymer stems from the Greek roots poly ______ and
________ (part).

A

(many), meros

60
Q

designates a
molecule made up by the repetition of some simpler unit called a _______________

A

mer

61
Q

A ___________ is a long-chain molecule that is composed of a large
number of repeating units of ____________________

A

polymer , identical structure

62
Q

Polymers are prepared by joining a large number of small molecules called ________________________

A

monomers

63
Q
A

polystyrene

64
Q

depicts what?

A

mer or repeating unit of the molecule (polystyrene)

65
Q

n value?

A

represent the number of repeating units in the polymer
molecule

66
Q

defined a modern definition

A

Hermann
Staudinger

67
Q

he coined polymerization

A

Jons Jacob Berzelius

68
Q

uses
rubber gum for
making waterproof
garments

A

Charles Macintosh

69
Q

identified a
compound extracted
from wood which he
named cellulose.

A

Anselme Payen
(1795-1871)

70
Q

discovered
polystyrene.

A

Eduard Simon (1789-
1856)

71
Q

discovered vulcanization
by
combining natural
rubber with sulfur and
heating it in 270 F

A

Charles Goodyear

72
Q

synthesized
nitrocellulose
(nitrated cellulose)

A

Christian Friedrich
Schonbein (1799-
1868)

73
Q

patents the first thermoplastic
(Parkesine) made by adding
plasticizer to nitrocellulose

A

Alexander Parkes (1813-1890)

74
Q

first thermoplastic

A

(Parkesine)

75
Q

discovered polyvinyl acetate and
patented the manufacturing process for PVC.

A

Fritz Klatte

76
Q

people in America produced celluloid from cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor.

A

The Hyatt brothers (John Wesley and Isaiah)

77
Q

celluloid form from

A

cellulose
nitrate mixed with camphor

78
Q

was the one of
the fist people to create polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)

A

Eugen Baumann (1846-1896)

79
Q

Viscose silk (rayon) was developed by

A

Cross and Bevan.

80
Q

first truly synthetic plastic,

A

Bakelite

81
Q

_____________ discovered how to make sheets and
adhesives from poly(vinyl chloride)

A

B. F. Goodrich

82
Q

vinyl age began

A

1926

83
Q

‘Scotch’ tape, the first transparent sticky tape invented
by

A

by 3M Company in US

84
Q

The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in 1933 by

A

Eric
Fawcett and Reginald Gibson

85
Q

The first industrially practical polyethylene synthesis
was discovered (again by accident) in 1933 at

A

the Imperial Chemical
Industries (ICI) works in Northwich, England.

86
Q

He works for DuPont
invented polyhexamethylene-adipamide.
DuPont named this product nylon

A

Wallace Carothers

87
Q

DuPont’s full name for nylon

A

polyhexamethylene-adipamide.

88
Q

They
produced
commercially viable
polystyrene in Germany

A

Wulff Brothers

89
Q

patented
polyurethane.

A

Otto Bayer

90
Q

He
worked for DuPont,
accidentally
discovered polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE),
tramarked Teflon

A

Roy Plunkett

91
Q

DuPont’s full name for Teflon

A

polytetra
fluroethylene (PTFE)

92
Q

Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET),
a saturated polyester
patented by

A

John
Rex Whinfield and
James Tennant
Dickson.

93
Q

a saturated polyester

A

Polyetheylene
terephthalate (PET)

94
Q

(Textiles, Fashion, Toys, Domestic uses)

A

1950s

95
Q

HPDE means

A

High Density Poly Ethylene

96
Q

They created Bullet Proof Polymer, a new super polymer material that
can stop a 9mm bullet and seal the hole behind it

A

Scientists at Rice University, Texas

97
Q

Developed Plastics Blood to mimic haemoglobin, for use in trauma
situations where blood is needed quickly

A

by the University of Sheffield

98
Q

Example of medical grade and implantable biomaterials that will be used in
neurological applications to help control epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and brain trauma

A

PEEK

99
Q

During the height of COVID-19, plastics companies were called upon to
deliver over ________ of hand sanitiser per week to the _________

A

50,000 bottles , NHS

100
Q

material properties

A

mechanical, thermal, electrical,
optical, and chemical

101
Q

service condition

A

operating
temperature and humidity

102
Q

appearance

A

shape, color, surface finish, decoration

103
Q

type of production

A

injection molding, extrusion,
compression molding, resin transfer molding, etc.

104
Q

production-related material behavior

A

flow,
shrinkage, residual stresses, weld lines, etc.

105
Q

considerations under selection

A

material properties
service conditions
service life
impact on the environment and health and safety
economics
appearance
type of production
production-related material behavior

misspate

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