Basic Computer Structure Flashcards
What is another name for the microprocessor?
CPU
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
What does a microprocessor do?
Performs mathematical and logical functions of manipulating the data memory
What sort of data does a CPU perform mathematical functions on?
Binary
What does ROM stand for?
Read Only Memory
What does a ROM usually contain and what does it do?
Usually contains the main programme
Used to store programme steps and constant values
Instructs CPU what to do, when to do it and how to do it
What is an example for a storage of contant values regarding RAM?
A digital device that stores the safe temperature limit so when temperature exceeds that value, alarms go off. The temperature is known as a constant value because it cannot be changed
What does PROM stand for and what is a characteristic?
Programmable Read Only Memory
It is able to be specifically programmed by the operator
What types of PROM are there?
EPROM
EAROM
What does an EPROM stand for and what can it do?
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
It is able to erase data with a UV light and the operator can reprogramme the device
What does EAROM stand for and what can it do?
Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory
It can change individual elements of the memory without erasing all data
Which one is seen to be more beneficial - EAROM or EPROM ? And why
EAROM is better as it is seen as a benefit to be able to change individual elements of the memory rather than having to erase it and reprogramme everything like the EPROM does
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
What is the job of a RAM?
To store data temporarily until the data is needed for processing
What happens when the RAM gets full ?
Things process slower than normal
What sort of memory is a RAM refered to as?
Volatile
What does I/O stand for?
Input/output device
What do I/Os do?
Provides interface between the microprocessor and the outside world
How many types of buses are there and what are their names?
3 types
Data bus
Address bus
Control bus
What is the function of the data bus?
Used to carry data associated with a memory or I/O transfer
What is the function of an Address Bus?
To specify memory location or I/O port involved in a transfer
What is the function of a control bus?
To communicate with other devices within the computer system via the CPU
What is hardware?
All parts and devices that are used to process the digital data
What is software?
All the programmes and instructions for the CPU
