Basic Components of Living Systems Exam Questions

Question 1

Suggest two processes inside cells that rely on the cytoskeleton for movement
(2 MARKS)

Answer 1

• The cytoskeleton provides microtubules which allow vesicles to move from the RER to the Golgi
• Protein synthesis also relies heavily on the cytoskeleton for the movement of the mRNA from the nucleus to the RER
• Also helps moving chromosomes for cell division (spindle fibres are part of the cytoskeleton)

Question 2

Describe the role of the:
a) mesosome 
b) cell wall
c) ribosomes
(3 MARKS)

Answer 2

a) infoldings in the plasma membrane which are a site of aerobic respiration and DNA replication in bacteria
b) a protective layer which helps maintain the organism’s shape
c) responsible for protein synthesis (translation), they receive and translate genetic instructions

Question 3

Explain the difference between magnification and resolution

2 MARKS

Answer 3

Magnification is making an object appear bigger, the number of times larger an image is compared to the object
The resolution is the ability to distinguish objects from each other

Question 4

Staining is a process often used in microscopy. Describe the advantages if staining specimens to be viewed under a microscope.
(2 MARKS)

Answer 4

• Staining provides contrast
• Makes organelles easier to see
• Makes it easier to identify different organelles