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Chemistry > Basic Chemistry Words > Flashcards

Basic Chemistry Words Flashcards

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1
Q

formula

A

a combination of symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance

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2
Q

compound

A

a substance formed by the chemical union of two or more elements

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3
Q

balanced chemical equation

A

a chemical equation is written using the symbols and formulae of the reactants and products so that the number of units of each element present is the same on both sides of the arrow

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4
Q

non-metal

A

an element that is a poor conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms acidic oxides

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5
Q

diatomic

A

a molecule made up of only two atoms. The seven diatomic elements are iodine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

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6
Q

subscript

A

a letter or number is written below the line

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7
Q

covalent compound

A

compounds, commonly formed between non-metal elements, by sharing electrons between atoms to form covalent bonds, all molecular compounds are covalent

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8
Q

covalent bond

A

a bond formed between atoms formed when the atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons

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9
Q

molecular formula

A

chemical formula showing the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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10
Q

ionic compound

A

an ionic compound occurs when a negative ion joins with a positive ion

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11
Q

ionic bonding

A

ionic bonding forms between two atoms when an electron is transferred from one atom to the other, forming a positive-negative ion pair

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12
Q

anode

A

the positive electrode during electrolysis

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13
Q

aqueous

A

dissolved in water to form a solution. shown as (aq) in chemical equations

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14
Q

cathode

A

the negative electrode during electrolysis

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15
Q

charge

A

property of matter that causes a force when near another charge. charge comes in two forms, positive charge, and negative charge.

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16
Q

charge (electrical)

A

an imbalance of electrons and protons in a material. an excess of electrons results in a negative charge, e deficit of electrons results in a positive charge

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17
Q

closed system

A

in chemistry, a system in which no substances can enter or leave during a reaction

18
Q

electrode

A

a conductor used to establish electrical contact with a circuit. the electrode attached to the negative terminal of a battery is called a negative electrode, or cathode. the electrode attached to the positive terminal of a battery is the positive electrode or anode

19
Q

electrolysis

A

the decomposition (breakdown) of a compound using an electric current

20
Q

element

A

a substance made of one atom only

21
Q

empirical formula

A

the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound

22
Q

half equation

A

an equation, involving ions and electrons, that describes the process happening at an electrode

23
Q

insoluble

A

unable to dissolve in a particular solvent

24
Q

ion

A

electrically charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses electrons

25
Q

ionic equation

A

a chemical equation that shows how positively charges ions join with negatively charged ions to make a compound

26
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g)

27
Q

metal

A

shinny object that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms basic oxides

28
Q

neutralization

A

the reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt plus water

29
Q

non-enclosed system

A

a system in which gases or other substances can enter or leave during a reaction

30
Q

periodic table

A

a tabular representation of all known elements in order based on atomic number, eg all the noble gasses are found on the right of the periodic table

31
Q

polyatomic ion

A

charged particle consisting of two or more atoms joined together

32
Q

precipitate

A

a suspension of particles in a liquid formed when a dissolved substance reacts to form an insoluble substance, eg in a precipitate reaction

33
Q

precipitate reaction

A

a reaction in which an insoluble solid is formed when certain solutions are mixed

34
Q

product

A

a substance formed in a chemical reaction

35
Q

ratio

A

a ratio is a way to compare amounts of something. it is usually written in the form a:b

36
Q

reactant

A

a substance that reacts together with another substance to form products during a chemical reaction

37
Q

relative atomic mass

A

the mean relative mass of the atoms of the different isotopes in an element. it is the number of times heavier an atom is than one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom

38
Q

salt

A

a compound formed by the neutralization of an acid by a base, eg a metal oxide, as the result of hydrogen ions is the acid being replaced by metal ions or other positive ions. sodium chloride, common salt, is one such compound

39
Q

soluble

A

able to dissolve in a solvent

40
Q

solution

A

mixture formed by a solute and a solvent

41
Q

spectacular ion

A

an ion that is exactly the same on both sides of an ionic equation

42
Q

state symbol

A

a symbol used in chemical equations to show if a substance is a solid, a liquid, a gas, or an aqueous solution

Chemistry (2 decks)

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