Basic chemistry + water + separation Flashcards
What does the atomic number stand for?
The number of protons and electrons
What does the atomic mass stand for?
The total mass of the protons and netrons. (overall mass of the element)
How to find number of neutrons?
Mass - atomic number = # of neutrons
What is a compound?
A molecule that is made up of 2 or more elements.
What does the period (row number) tell us?
The number of orbitals
What does the group (column number) tell us?
To determine how many electrons there are in the outer orbital.
Law of conservation of matter states that…
atoms can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.
Centrifuge
Separates a heterogeneous mixture by spinning at high speeds so that higher density components are separated from lower density components.
Chromatography
Separating solutes in a solution by allowing the solution to travel up a piece of paper. The solutes separate based on how soluble they are in water.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture which has a non-uniform composition throughout its mass. You can see particles with the naked eye.
EX: fruit salad
oil and water
stenar i vatten
What is a homogeneous mass?
A mixture that has a unifromcomposition throughout its mass. You can’t see the particles with the naked eye.
EX: table salt + water = saltwater
AIR
A cup of tea
What does pH determine?
The concentration of dissolved hydrogen in a solution.
To determine pH we can use…
pH paper, pH indicator solution, and a pH meter
What does covalent bonding mean?
A bonding where two or more atoms SHARE electrons
What does ionic bonding mean?
A bonding where two or more atoms DONATE an electron to the other atom participating in the bond
Why is water a good solvent?
Water is polar, which makes it a good solvent for other polar molecules, such as sugar, and ionic compounds, like NaCl. It cannot dissolve nonpolar substances, like fats.
What is an emulsion?
The bonding between two substances that generally don’t mix
EX: water and oil
What is a saturated solution?
A type of solution in which the maximum amount of solute is dissolved into the solvent. Can result in the formation of a solid undissolved precipitate and a heterogeneous mixture.
What is an unsaturated solution?
A type of solution in which less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved into a solvent.
What does the separation technique DISTILL imply?
When components of a solution are separated through evaporation and condensation
What does the separation technique DECANT imply?
When a heterogeneous mixture is separated by allowing the solids to settle to the bottom and pouring the liquid off
What does the separation technique FILTER imply?
When a heterogeneous mixture is separated by pouring it through a filter paper to separate solids from liquids.
