Basic Chemistry

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Matter may be changed…

Answer 2

Physically
- Changes do not alter the basic nature of a
substance (solid,liquid, gas)

Chemically
- Changes alter the chemical composition of a
substance

Question 3

Losing an electron means:

Answer 3

• Fewer electrons (negative) than protons (positive)
• Net positive charge
  (POSITIVE ION OR CATION)

Question 4

Gaining an electron means:

Answer 4

• More electrons (negative) than protons (positive)
• Net negative charge
  (NEGATIVE ION OR ANION

Question 5

Ionic Bonds

Answer 5

Form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

Question 6

Covalent Bonds

Answer 6

Atoms become stable through shared electrons

Question 7

Organic Compounds

Answer 7

Contain carbon

All are large, covalently bonded molecules

Question 8

Inorganic Compound

Answer 8

Lack carbon

Tend to be small, simple molecules

Question 9

Electrolytes

Answer 9

• Compound composed of cations and anions held
  together by ionic bonds
• Dissociates in water, releasing cations and anions to
  allow for conduction of an electrical current

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

Release hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 11

Base

Answer 11

Release hydroxyl ions (OH–) or bind hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Organic molecules containing C, H and O (Main Source of Energy)

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

• Organic molecules containing C, H and O (less O than
  carbohydrates)
• Includes: Fats, Oils

Question 14

Proteins

Answer 14

• made of amino acids - all contain C, H, O and N

- 20 different amino acids found in the body

Question 15

Enzymes

Answer 15

Act as catalysts to increase the rate of chemical reactions

Question 16

Nucleic Acids

Answer 16

• Provide blueprint of life by storing and transferring
  information essential to protein synthesis
• Makes DNA & RNA

Question 17

Fibrous proteins

Answer 17

• Also known as structural proteins
• Appear in body structures
• Bind structures together and exist in body tissues

Question 18

Globular proteins

Answer 18

• Also known as functional proteins

- Function as antibodies, hormones, or enzymes

Question 19

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 19

most common high-energy compound - released by breaking high-energy phosphate bonds

Question 20

Glucose

Answer 20

• Glucose is a primary cellular energy source.

- Used to establish the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

Question 21

Sodium

Answer 21

odium is the major cation of extracellular fluids.

The kidneys regulate sodium content of the body.

Question 22

BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen

Answer 22

measures the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism in the blood. Urea is excreted by the kidneys  indicates renal function.

Question 23

Creatinine

Answer 23

is a waste product of creatine phosphate metabolism by skeletal muscle. Creatinine is filtered by the kidneys  serum levels depend on renal function.