Basic Chemistry

Question 0

Nutron

Answer 0

Neutral charge

Question 1

Atom:

Answer 1

Smallest part of an element subatomic particle

Question 2

Proton

Answer 2

Positive charge and found in the nucleus

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

Negative charge and found outside nucleus

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

Tells you how many protons (and electrons)

Question 5

Bonds?

Answer 5

Put things together and take them apart

Question 6

Covalent Bonds

Answer 6

Share electrons or gain or lose electrons ex) H2O

Question 7

Ionic Bonds

Answer 7

Either gain or lose electrons, or ions ex) salt -> NaCl

Question 8

Properties of water:

Polar?

Answer 8

Uneven distribution of charges

Question 9

Properties of water:

Adhesion?

Answer 9

Can stick to other substances or things

Question 10

Properties of water:

Cohesion?

Answer 10

Can stick to other things, even itself

Question 11

Properties of water:

Solution?

Answer 11

Can combine things, but you can’t tell that you did.

Ex) kool aid

Question 12

Properties of water:

Suspension?

Answer 12

You can mix but you can tell that you did.

Ex) oil and water {makes layers}

Question 13

pH scale:

Acids?

Answer 13

Anything that can produce hydrogen ions or water {0-6 is an acid}
On pH paper, will turn paper red

Question 14

pH scale:

Base?

Answer 14

Produce hydroxide ions {8-14 is a base}

On pH paper, will turn paper blue

Question 15

pH scale:

Neutral?

Answer 15

{7 on pH scale}

Ex) blood, water

Question 16

pH scale:

Buffers?

Answer 16

Weak acids/bases that react with strong acids/bases to prevent sudden sharp change in pH.
Ex) Rolex, Tums is an anacid to relieve heartburn

Question 17

4 types of Carbon Compounds

Answer 17

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 18

Carbohydrates?

Answer 18

• Simple sugars (sugars end in -ose)
• Used for energy
• Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Complex carbs= starches, bread, pasta

Question 19

Lipids?

Answer 19

• Fats, oils, waxes
• Used to store energy and insulation
• Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Don’t dissolve in water

Question 20

Proteins?

Answer 20

• Associated with meats

* Used for bone growth, muscle, and immune system

Question 21

Nucleic Acids?

Answer 21

• RNA & DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Ribonucleic Acid

Question 22

What is a polymer?

Answer 22

A group of monomers formed together

Question 24

What is a monomer?

Answer 24

Smallest units

Question 29

Enzymes?

Answer 29

Biological “starter” that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
•lowers activation energy, so it will start reaction faster
•CLASSIFIED AS PROTEINS
•enzymes end in -ase
•Enzymes break down substrates

Question 30

Monomer of Nucleic Acids:

Answer 30

Nucleotide

Made up of 3 parts
•phosphate group
•nitrogen base
•5 carbon sugar

Question 31

What state is balance?

Answer 31

Homeostatic state

Question 32

Monomer of Protein:

Answer 32

Amino Acids

Question 33

Monomer of a Lipid:

Answer 33

Fatty acids

Question 34

Monomer of a Carbohydrate:

Answer 34

Monosaccharide

Question 35

Isotope?

Answer 35

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain