basic chem duel Flashcards
What is an atom?
-smallest unit of matter
-they are made of subatomic particles
Protons
-they are positively charged and are found in the nucleus
Neutrons
-they are nuetral and are found in the nucleus
Electrons
-they are negatively charged and are found in the orbital
-they have no significant mass
The number of protons determine what?
it determines what atom it is
The atomic number equals what
the number of protons
How do you get the number of neutrons?
mass - protons
How do you get the number of electrons?
the number of protons in a neutral atom
How do you find the charge?
protons - electrons
find the missing answers
Li^-2
Protons ?
Neutrons ?
Electrons ?
p=3
n=4
e=5
What does valence mean?
A whole number that represents the ability of an atom or a group of atoms to combine with other atoms or groups of atoms
What is a valence electron?
the electrons on the outer orbital and they determine bonding
What are the three types of bonds? Describe.
convilent bond - strongest, 2 atoms share electrons
ionic bond - attraction between 2 attoms based on charge
hydrogen bond - weakest,it’s like an ionic bond but with hydrogen
What does pH stand for?
potential of H+(hydrogen)
What is the scale for pH?
it from 0 to 14
True or False
The higher the number the more acidic it is
false from 0 to 7 is acid from 7 to 14 is bases
How would you calculate pH?
-log [concentration of H+ ions]
How would you calculate pOH?
-log [concentration of hydroxide ions]
True or false
Hydrogen and Hydroxide dont play an inverse relaionship
False
-the lower the hydroxide the higher the hydrogen the more acidic
-The higher the hydroxide the lower the hydrogen the less acidic
Solute
Substances that gets dissolved
Solvent
Substance that dissolved something
Dissociation
compound breaks apart
What is a buffer?
it prevents change in pH, it’s weak acids or bases that absorbs H or OH
lable each compound
H2SO4 + NaCl + KPO4 = HSO4 + Na + KPO4H
H2SO4 - is acid
NaCl - neutral
KPO4 - buffer
If it releases a H it’s acid, if it doesnt gain or lose H it’s N, if it gains H its a buffer
