Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Microbiology > Basic Cahracteristics Of Bacteria > Flashcards

Basic Cahracteristics Of Bacteria Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bacterium

A

Single cell prokaryotic organism, small, has cell wall, lacks membrane bound nucleus, ribosomes present, no other organelles, active metabolism, and multiply at rapid rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common apparatus for observing bacteria

A

Light microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of bacteria

A 
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirochete 
Vibrio
Mycoplasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Coccus

A

Spherical
Size 1 micrometer
Types: diplococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, tetrad, sarcina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diplococcus

A

Divides in one plane and arranges in pairs.

Eg: neisseria meningitides, streptococcus pneumoniae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Streptococcus

A

Divides along one plane and arranges like a chain.

Eg: beta-haemolytic streptococci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Staphylococcus

A

Divides along multi-planes and arranges as grape like clusters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tetrad

A

Group of four cells formed from a coccus, divides along two perpendicular planes and arranges like a square.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sarcina

A

Individual coccus undergoes division along three perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in three directions, giving groups of eight cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacillus

A

Distinct sizes, straight rod shaped with blunt ends, some pleomorphic, types: streptobacillus, coccobacilli, fusiform bacilli, corynebacteria, bifidobacteria, & mycobacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Streptobacillus

A

Arranges like a chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coccobacilli

A

Very short rods that can be mistaken for cocci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fusiform bacilli

A

Bacilli with tapered ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Corynebacteria

A

Bacilli with inflated club-shaped ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bifidobacteria

A

Bacilli possessing bifurcated ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mycobacterium

A

Bacilli

Have branching tendency during growth

17
Q

Vibrio

A

Comma shaped bacteria

18
Q

Spirillum

A

Spiral shaped bacteria

Eg: helicobacterium.

19
Q

Structure of bacteria

A

Basic structure: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, & nucleoid.
Specific structure: capsule, flagellum, pilus, & spore.

20
Q

Cell wall of bacteria

A

Gram + cell wall consists of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid.

Gram - cell wall consists of peptidoglycan, outer membrane.

21
Q

Peptidoglycan layer of gram +

A

backbone (N-acetylglucosamine & N-acetylmuramic acid), set of tetra peptide side chains (a. L-alanine, b. D-glutamate, c. L-lysine, d. L-lysine) & set of pentapeptide cross bridges (link between c. and d. of an adjacent side chain).

22
Q

Peptidoglycan of gram-

A

Backbone, a set of tetrapeptide side chains ( A. alanine, E. glutamic acid, DAP. diaminopimelic acid; DAP links with terminal alanine of a second side chain directly).

23
Q

Gram positive cell wall

A

Cell membrane 7.5 nm,
Cell wall 20~80nm, consisting of peptidoglycan, wall teichoic acid & membrane teichoic acid. (Teichoic acid & teichuronic acid)

Special proteins include alpha-protein of staphylococcus & M-protein of streptococcus.

24
Q

Gram negative cell wall

A

Consists of:
Inner membrane;
Periplasm containing MDO (membrane derived oligosaccharides), peptidoglycan;
(lipoprotein cross linking by a peptide link to the periplasm and by non-covalent link with outer membrane)
Outer membrane containing lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide which consists of lipid A, core polysaccharide, & specific polysaccharide/ O antigen.

25
Q

Gram + cell wall contains

A

Teichoic acid and teichuronic acid

26
Q

Functions of lipoprotein

A

Stabilise the outer membrane,

Anchor it to peptidoglycan layer.

27
Q

Endotoxin of gram negative bacteria

A

LPS i.e. Lipopolysaccharide

28
Q

Is responsible for endotoxin activity of LPS

A

Lipid A

29
Q

Effects of endotoxin produced by different bacteria are similar because

A

Basic structure of lipid A is identical for all gram negative bacteria

30
Q

Beta- hydroxymyristic acid

A

Present uniquely in lipid A of gram-

31
Q

2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid KDO

A

Present in core polysaccharide of gram -, covalently linked to lipid A.

32
Q

Represents a major surface antigen of gram - bacterial cell

A

O antigen

33
Q

Antigenic specificity conferred by

A 
Category 
Location 
Arrangement
Configuration 
- of the sugars in repeating units.
34
Q

On surface of cell wall may induce immune responses

A

Epitopes

35
Q

Important surface antigen of gram - bacteria

A

Teichoic acid

36
Q

Effective barrier for killing substances such as digestive enzymes, bile salts, & antibiotics in gram -

A

Outer membrane

37
Q

Important virulence factor of gram - bacteria

A

LPS

Medical Microbiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions