Basic Brain Anatomy

Question 1

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 1

Frontal Lobe
Initiates Voluntary Movements
Contains UMNs

Question 2

Premotor Cortex

Answer 2

Frontal Lobe

Coordinates Voluntary Movements

Question 3

Broca’s Area

Answer 3

Frontal Lobe (usually left hemisphere)
Motor portion of speech, Produces written and spoken language

Question 4

Pre-frontal cortex

Answer 4

Frontal lobe
Personality, insight, and foresight
Higher order intelligence

Question 5

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 5

Parietal Lobe

Tactile and proprioceptive information

Question 6

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 6

Parietal Lobe & some temporal (usually left hemisphere)

Sensory portion of speech, language (written and spoken) comprehension

Question 7

Association Area’s (in all lobes)

Answer 7

Puts sensory information together, spatial orientation and perception and directing attention, spatial awareness

Question 8

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 8

Temporal Lobe

Interpretation of sound, hearing

Question 9

Association Area’s

Answer 9

Temporal Lobe
Visual/auditory processing
Advanced visual processing from occipital

Question 10

Hippocampus/Amygdala

Answer 10

Temporal Lobe (medial part, technically limbic)
Memory Processing

Question 11

Primary visual cortex

Answer 11

Occipital lobe

Vision

Question 12

Visual Association Cortex

Answer 12

Visual Processing

Question 13

Limbic Structures

Answer 13

Limbic Lobe/Insula

Responsible for memory and emotion

Question 14

Cingulate Gyrus

Answer 14

Pain perception

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

• Processing area for all sensory information (minus olfaction) before reaching cortex
• limbic processing before reaching cortex
• crucial motor pathways involving cerebellum and basal ganglia (coordination)

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

• Major visceral control center making hormones as well as limbic functions
• Includes nuclei to help regulate body temperature and osmolarity

Question 17

Epithalamus

Answer 17

Consists of Pineal Gland (melatonin - sleep initiation) & Habenular Nuclei (eating behavior)

Question 18

Subthalamus

Answer 18

Associated with basal ganglia and motor systems

Question 19

Midbrain

Answer 19

• Connection of diencephalon to rest of brainstem and brain
• Contains cerebral aqueduct
• “Mesencephalon”

Question 20

Tectum (Midbrain)

Answer 20

• Superior Colliculus: vision reflexes

- Inferior Colliculus: hearing reflexes

Question 21

Cerebral Peduncles (Midbrain)

Answer 21

• columns attaching telencephalon to diencephalon/brainstem, made up of axons from the primary motor cortex

Question 22

Pons

Answer 22

• relay for information between cerebellum to cerebral cortex

Question 23

Basal Pons

Answer 23

• Cell bodies of corticocerebellar pathway

- Pontine Nuclei spread throughout - information from cerebral cortex to cerebellum

Question 24

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 24

• Connects brainstem to spinal cord

- Contains centers that are critical to life (respiratory and cardiovascular center, cranial nuclei)

Question 25

Cerebellum - Anterior Lobe

Answer 25

Coordinates trunk and limb movements

Question 26

Cerebellum - Posterior Lobe

Answer 26

Coordinates voluntary movements

Question 27

Cerebellum - Flocculonodular Lobe

Answer 27

Controls eye movements and postural adjustments