Basic biochemistry and cell organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA:

what components is a Nucleotide made up of

A

pentose sugar

Phosphate group

(organic) nitrogous base

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2
Q

DNA:

what are the four bases?

A

Purines (double ringed structure)
Adenine - Guanine

Pyrimidines (single based structure)
Thymine - Cytosine

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3
Q

DNA:

The base and sugar join with a?

A

Glycosidic bond

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4
Q

DNA:

phosphate and sugar join with an?

A

Ester bond

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5
Q

DNA:

what two bonds require a condensation reaction

A

ester bound

glycosidic

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6
Q

DNA:

how many chromosomes does a human have?

A

22 pairs + 1 sex pair (X,Y)

46 chromosomes in total

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7
Q

ATP:

what is energy required for?

A
movement
active transport
maintenance, replication
production of substances
control body temp
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8
Q

ATP:

Role of ATP?

A

make macromolecules- polysaccharides from monosacharides. Amino acid to polypeptides.

movement
active transport
secretion
activation of molecules - giving a phosphate molecule to an enzyme makes it more reactive.

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9
Q

ATP:

what type of reaction forms ATP?

A

hydrolysis - simple, reversible reaction

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10
Q

ATP:

what reaction breaks down glycose

A

Glycolysis - long series of reactions.

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11
Q

ATP:

how is ATP stored?

A

continuously stored in mitrochondria

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12
Q

ATP:

what type of substance is ATP?

A

an Intermediate substance. used to carry or transfer energy.

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13
Q

ATP:

how does ATP store energy?

A

energy from respiration is stored in the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group

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14
Q

ATP:

how does it turn into ADP?

A

it loses its 3rd phosphate group, releasing energy stored in the bond.

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15
Q

ATP:

why can the phosphate bonds break easily?

A

the bonds are unstable and have a low activation energy. therefore break easily and release energy.

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16
Q

ATP:

what is the equation for ATP?

A

ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + E