Basic biochemistry and cell organisation Flashcards
DNA:
what components is a Nucleotide made up of
pentose sugar
Phosphate group
(organic) nitrogous base
DNA:
what are the four bases?
Purines (double ringed structure)
Adenine - Guanine
Pyrimidines (single based structure)
Thymine - Cytosine
DNA:
The base and sugar join with a?
Glycosidic bond
DNA:
phosphate and sugar join with an?
Ester bond
DNA:
what two bonds require a condensation reaction
ester bound
glycosidic
DNA:
how many chromosomes does a human have?
22 pairs + 1 sex pair (X,Y)
46 chromosomes in total
ATP:
what is energy required for?
movement active transport maintenance, replication production of substances control body temp
ATP:
Role of ATP?
make macromolecules- polysaccharides from monosacharides. Amino acid to polypeptides.
movement
active transport
secretion
activation of molecules - giving a phosphate molecule to an enzyme makes it more reactive.
ATP:
what type of reaction forms ATP?
hydrolysis - simple, reversible reaction
ATP:
what reaction breaks down glycose
Glycolysis - long series of reactions.
ATP:
how is ATP stored?
continuously stored in mitrochondria
ATP:
what type of substance is ATP?
an Intermediate substance. used to carry or transfer energy.
ATP:
how does ATP store energy?
energy from respiration is stored in the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group
ATP:
how does it turn into ADP?
it loses its 3rd phosphate group, releasing energy stored in the bond.
ATP:
why can the phosphate bonds break easily?
the bonds are unstable and have a low activation energy. therefore break easily and release energy.
