Basic Biochemistry Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest component of an element (consisting of protons, neutrons and electrons)
What is a molecule?
The smallest physical unit of a compound, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element. Eg CO2
What is a compound?
A pure substance composed of two or more elements whose composition is constant (calcium carbonate)
What is an organic compound?
Compounds that contain carbon (and hydrogen)
What are the exceptions to inorganic compounds?
carbon monoxide, dioxide, and calcium carbonate
What is an element?
One of a class of substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
What is a polymer?
A long chain of small identical (or similar) monomers
What do all carbonhydrates contain?
Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
What are the four other vital elements required for cell metabolism?
Calcium, phosphorous, iron and magnesium
Why is iron an important element for cell metabolism?
It is a component of haem which makes up haemoglobin in the blood. It is also vital for the production of myoglobin, which delivers oxygen to the muscles
Why is calcium important in cell metabolism?
It plays an important role in conduction of nerve impulses. It is vital for muscle contraction
Why is magnesium important in cell metabolism?
It contributes to the health of nerve, muscle and cell membranes. It is an important component of chlorophyll in plants. They require it to photosynthesise.
It also acts as a co-enzyme in the majority of metabolic reactions
What is the importance of phosphorous?
It occurs as phospholipids and nucleic acids in cells. It is crucial to energy metabolism through inclusion in ATP (adenine triphosphate). It is the energy source for most metabolic functions
