Basic Bacterioogy Flashcards
What enzyme cross links the peptides side chains in peptidoglycan?
Transpeptidase
What is the site of endotoxins for gram-negative bacteria?
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) major surface antigen in outer membrane for Gram negative
What induces TNF and IL-1 for Graham negative bacteria?
Lipid a induces TNF and IL-1, O polysaccharide is the antigen
Where are beta lactamase enzymes located in Gram negative bacteria?
In the periplasm
What is the difference between the chemical composition of Pilus/fimbria and flagellum?
Pilus/fimbria is composed of glycoprotein, Flagellum is composed of protein
Describe spore Chemical composition?
Dipicolinic acid, peptidoglycan, keratin-like coat
What is the definition of capsule and what is the exception?
Organize discrete polysaccharide layer, exception bacillus anthracis which contain D glutamate
Name all of the coccus bacteria
Gram-positive are at Staphylococcus and streptococcus; grand negatives are Moraxella, Neisseria
Name the gram-positive rod bacteria?
Bacillus, Clostridium, corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, listera, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium,Gardnerella
Name the gram-negative respiratory bacteria?
Bordetella, legionella (silver stain), Haemophilus (pleomorphic)
Name the bacteria that are branching filaments?
Actinomyces and nocardia
Name the spirochetes?
Borrelia, Leptospira, Treponema
What are the bacterias that do not Gram stain well?
Treponema, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella pneumophila, rickettsia, chlamydia; these microbes may lack real color
What bacteria has the special culture requirement been chocolate agar? What are the media contacts?
H. Influenzae; Factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)
What special culture does Neisseria bacteria have to grow in? What are its media contents? What is the mnemonic device?
Thayer-Martin, vancomycin (inhibits gram-positive organisms) Trimethoprim and Coliston (inhibits gram-negative organisms except Neisseria) Nystatin (inhibits fungi); very typically cultures Neisseria
Lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall indices what?
TNF and IL-1
What special culture is required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis? Legionella? E. Coli?
Lowenstein Jensen agar; charcoal yeast extract Agar buffered cysteine and iron;
What bacteria has the virulence factor IgA protease? What does this allow them to do? What is the mnemonic?
S. pneumonia, H. Influenza, Neisseria; colonize respiratory mucosa; SHiN
What is M protein? Protein A?
Helps prevent phagocytosis, expressed in Strep A (plays a role in rheumatic fever)
Binds Fc region of IgG. Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. Expressed by S. Aureus
What is the source for exotoxin? Endotoxin?
From both gram-positive and negative bacteria; outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
What is the difference between exotoxin and endotoxin composition?
Exotoxin is polypeptide, endotoxin is lipopolysaccharide
What is the location of genes for exotoxin and endotoxin?
exotoxin is plasmid or bacteriophage, and the location of genes for endotoxin are bacteria chromosome
What are the effects of endotoxin?
Fever, shock (hypotension), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
What is the mode of action for Endotoxins?
Induces TNF, IL – 1, and IL – 6
