Basic Bacteriology--FIRST AID - Sheet1

Question 1

peptidoglycan

Answer 1

gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure. Composed of sugar backbone with peptide side chains cross-linked by transpeptidase.

Question 2

Cell wall/cell membrane (gram positives)

Answer 2

major surface antigen. peptidoglycan for support. Lipoteichoic acid induces TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and IL-1

Question 3

outer membrane (gram negatives)

Answer 3

side of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]); major surface antigen. Lipid A induces TNF and IL-1; O polysaccharide is the antigen.

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

site of oxidative and transport enzymes. Lipoprotein bilayer.

Question 5

Ribosome

Answer 5

protein synthesis. 50S and 30S subunits

Question 6

periplasm

Answer 6

Space between the cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram negative bacteria. Contains many hydrolytic enzymes, including beta-lactamases

Question 7

capsule

Answer 7

protexcts against phagocytosis. polysaccharide.

Question 8

Pilus/fimbria

Answer 8

Mediate adherence of bacteria to cell surface; sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjucation. Glycoprotein

Question 9

flagellum

Answer 9

Motility. Protein.

Question 10

spore

Answer 10

resistent to dehydration, heat, and chemicals. Keratin-like coat; dipicolinic acid; peptidoglycan.

Question 11

plasmid

Answer 11

contans a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes and toxins. DNA.

Question 12

glycocalyx

Answer 12

Mediates adherence to surfaces, especially foreign surfaces (e.g. indwelling catheters). Polysaccharide.

Question 13

circular (coccus)

Answer 13

gram positive: staphylococcus, streptococcus. gram negative: neisseria

Question 14

rod (bacillus)

Answer 14

gram positive: Bacillus, Mycobacterium. gram negative: Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, (many more).

Question 15

Which bacteria do not have a cell wall?

Answer 15

Mycoplasma (does not gram stain)

Question 16

Mycoplasma

Answer 16

no cell wall and contains sterols

Question 17

Mycobacteria

Answer 17

contian mycolic acid. High lipid content.

Question 18

obligate aerobes

Answer 18

Use O2-dependent systems to generate ATP

Question 19

oblicage anaerobes

Answer 19

lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase and are thus susceptible to oxidative damage. Generally foul smelling, difficult to culture, and produce gas.

Question 20

Bacteria virulence factors

Answer 20

promoste evasion of host immune response.

Question 21

Protein A

Answer 21

Binds Fc region of Ig. Disguises itself from immune response.

Question 22

Stapholoccocal virulance factor:

Answer 22

*Protein A: binds immunoglobulin (IgA)–which disguises itself from immune response.