Basic And Applied Sciences And Nutritional Concepts

Question 1

Macroscopic/ Gross Anatomy

Answer 1

Viewing the human body with the naked eye

Question 2

Microscopic/ Fine Anatomy

Answer 2

Viewing of the human body through a microscope

Question 3

Circulatory system (cardiovascular system)

Answer 3

A network system of tubes and organs that transport blood, nutrients, oxygen, hormones and other gases to cells throughout the body
Ex: heart, arteries, veins, blood

Question 4

Blood vessels

Answer 4

Arteries, veins, capillaries transport blood throughout the body

Question 5

Arteries

Answer 5

The biggest and strongest veins that carries blood from the heart to the body. Controls blood flow by vasodilation or vasoconstriction

Question 6

Veins

Answer 6

Vessels that carry blood from body back to the heart due to low pressure veins prevent backflow of blood

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

Tubes that connect the veins and arteries, transferring blood and tissue. Has a selective membrane( made of epithelial cells)

Includes continuous capillaries, fenestrated capillaries, and sinusoid always capillaries

Question 8

Continuous capillaries

Answer 8

The most common type of capillaries

Question 9

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 9

Consists of openings that allow material exchange between blood and tissues. Usually found in the digestive, endocrine, and urinary systems

Question 10

Sinusoidal Capillaries

Answer 10

Capillaries that consists of larger openings to allow protiens and blood cells through.
Found in the liver, bone marrow and spleen

Question 11

Describe blood

Answer 11

Blood is a liquid that transports nutrients and carries away wastes.

• the human body is composed of 5-6 liters of blood
• 55% of blood is liquid (plasma cells) and 45% of blood is composted of solid cells and cell components

Question 12

Erythrocytes

Answer 12

Red blood cells that transport oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin carries oxygen and gives it the red color

Question 13

Leukocytes

Answer 13

White blood cells are responsible for fighting infections and maintaining the immune system
5 types of leukocytes are neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils

Question 14

Platelets

Answer 14

Fragments of cells that help in the process of blood clotting

Question 15

Where are red blood cells produced?

Answer 15

In the red bone marrow

Question 16

Where are white blood cells produced?

Answer 16

White bone marrow

Question 17

What four chambers does heart contain?

Answer 17

Left and right ventricle, left and right atrium

Question 18

Describe the atrioventricular valves

Answer 18

Right atrium and ventricle consists of a tricuspid valve in between, the three laps prevents blood from flowing backward
Left atrium and ventricle consists of a mitral valve that has two flap and does the same

Question 19

Semilunar valves

Answer 19

The semilunar valves are the pulmonary and the aortic valve, controlling blood flow as it guides blood out of the ventricles.

The pulmonary valve connects to the right ventricle, leading blood out through the pulmonary veins

The aortic valve connects to the left ventricle, leading blood out of the aorta

Question 20

Cardiac cycle

Answer 20

The cardiac cycle is a cycle of when the heart relaxes and contracts, divided in to diastole and systole phases.

Question 21

Diastole phase

Answer 21

During this phase, the heart is relaxed and is filled with blood

This is the bottom number of the blood pressure reading.

Question 22

Systole phase

Answer 22

During this phase, the heart is contracted and squeezes the blood out of the heart

This is the top of the blood pressure reading