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Apush > Basic Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

biological study of structure

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

study of anatomical structures which can be seen by unaided vision, such as the structure of the major body systems

A

Gross Anatomy

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3
Q

study of small anatomical structures which require the use of a microscope to see

A

Microanatomy

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4
Q

biological study of the function of living organisms and their parts

A

Physiology

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5
Q

tendency of a living organism to maintain stability, both between its own body systems and between itself and the environment

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

single plane which passes through the center of the axis of the body

A

Medial plane

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7
Q

any plane which is parallel to the medial plane

A

Sagittal plane

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8
Q

any plane which is located at a right angle to the medial plane and passes through the long axis of the body

A

Transverse plane

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9
Q

any plane which lies at a right angle to both the medial and transverse plane

A

Frontal plane

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10
Q

smooth membranes consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete a fluid, know as serous fluid

A

Serous membranes

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11
Q

epithelial tissue which secretes mucus which lines many body cavities and
tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages

A

Mucous membranes

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12
Q

thick, stringy fluids found in the cavities of synovial joints

A

Synovial membranes

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13
Q

skin

A

Cutaneous membranes

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14
Q

toward the head end of the body

A

Superior

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15
Q

farther from the head

A

Inferior

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16
Q

toward the front of the body

A

Anterior

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17
Q

toward the backside of the body

A

Posterior

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18
Q

near to the point of reference

A

Proximal

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19
Q

farther from the point of reference

A

Distal

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20
Q

closer to the midline of the body

A

Medial

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21
Q

farther from the midline of the body

A

Lateral

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22
Q

below the surface

A

Internal

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23
Q

on the surface

A

Exterior

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24
Q

away from the surface

A

Deep

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25
Q

near the surface

A

Superficial

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26
Q

at or near the middle

A

Central

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27
Q

at or near the edge

A

Peripheral

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28
Q

within a body cavity

A

Parietal

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29
Q

within a body cavity

A

Visceral

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30
Q

folding movement which decreases the angle between two bones

A

Flexion

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31
Q

movement which increases the angle between two bones

A

Extension

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32
Q

to move away from the medial plane

A

Abduct

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33
Q

to move toward the medial plane

A

Adduct

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34
Q

head

A

Cephalic

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35
Q

forehead

A

Frontal

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36
Q

nose

A

Nasal

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37
Q

eye

A

Orbital

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38
Q

cheek

A

Buccal

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39
Q

mouth

A

Oral

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40
Q

chin

A

Mental

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41
Q

base of the skull

A

Occipital

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42
Q

neck

A

Cervical

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43
Q

shoulder

A

Acromial

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44
Q

breast bone

A

Sternal

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45
Q

armpit

A

Axillary

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46
Q

chest

A

Thoracic

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47
Q

breast

A

mammary

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48
Q

arm

A

Brachial

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49
Q

front elbow

A

Antecubital

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50
Q

back elbow

A

Olecranal

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51
Q

forearm

A

Antibrachial

52
Q

posterior knee

A

Popliteal

53
Q

calf

A

Sural

54
Q

palm

A

Palmer

55
Q

thumb

A

Pollex

56
Q

fingers or toes

A

Digital

57
Q

genital

A

Pubic

58
Q

leg

A

Crural

59
Q

ankle

A

Tarsal

60
Q

big toe

A

Hallux

61
Q

spinal

A

Vertebral

62
Q

shoulder blade

A

Scapular

63
Q

back

A

Dorsum

64
Q

loin or lower back

A

Lumbar

65
Q

between hips

A

Sacral

66
Q

thigh

A

Femoral

67
Q

heel

A

Calcaneal

68
Q

sole of foot

A

Plantar

69
Q

below or lower than normal

A

Hypo-

70
Q

above or higher than normal

A

Hyper-

71
Q

below or under

A

Sub-

72
Q

above

A

Ad-

73
Q

within

A

Intra-

74
Q

inner or inside

A

Endo-

75
Q

outer or outside

A

Ecto-

76
Q

middle

A

Meso-

77
Q

many or too many

A

Poly-

78
Q

loving or liking

A

-Philic

79
Q

hating or fearing

A

-Phobic

80
Q

inflammation

A

-Itis

81
Q

to cut out

A

-Ectomy

82
Q

to cut into

A

-Otomy

83
Q

to form an opening

A

-Ostomy

84
Q

diseased condition

A

-Osis

85
Q

elements which make up the body

A

Chemical

86
Q

smallest structural unit of an organism which is considered living

A

Cell

87
Q

group of similar cells organized into a structural and functional unit

A

Tissue

88
Q

several tissues grouped together into a structural and functional unit

A

Organ

89
Q

group of organs organized into a structural functional unit

A

Organ system

90
Q

any individual living creature

A

Organism

91
Q

producing a substance from the cells and fluids within a gland or organ and discharging it

A

Secretion

92
Q

passage of material through the lining of an organ into the blood or through a cell membrane

A

Absorption

93
Q

seep or pass through a filter or something which is intended to act as a barrier

A

Filtration

94
Q

increase the amount of a substance

A

Concentration

95
Q

expand, swell or inflated due to pressure

A

Distention

96
Q

membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body

A

Epithelial tissue

97
Q

single layer of epithelial tissue

A

Simple epithelium

98
Q

single-layer of flat, scale-like cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

99
Q

single layer of cube-shaped cells

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

100
Q

single layer of rectangular-shaped cells

A

Simple columnar epithelium

101
Q

several layers of cells which are cube to rectangular-shaped in the deep layers and scale-like in the superficial layers

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

102
Q

two or more layers of cells in which the surface cells are cube-shaped

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

103
Q

several layers of cells with only the superficial layer being rectangular in shape

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

104
Q

process of expanding due to pressure from within

A

Distension

105
Q

single layer of cells which appears to be stratified because their nuclei are at different levels

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

106
Q

human offspring in the early stages following conception

A

Embryo

107
Q

plural form of stimulus

A

Stimuli

108
Q

anything which causes a reaction to occur

A

Stimulus

109
Q

resembles stratified squamous tissue, except the surface cells are larger

A

Transitional epithelium

110
Q

secretes products into ducts, produces mucous, perspiration, oil, wax, milk or digestive enzymes

A

Exocrine glands

111
Q

secretes hormones into the blood and produces hormones with regulate the various body activities

A

Endocrine glands

112
Q

supports, connects and surrounds organs and other body parts

A

Connective tissue

113
Q

is found in the embryonic stages of growth and includes mucous connective tissue and mesenchyme which forms all other kinds of connective tissue

A

Embryonic connective tissue

114
Q

gives strength, elasticity and support to the body

A

Loose connective tissue

115
Q

fat tissue

A

Adipose tissue

116
Q

provides attachments to certain structures

A

Dense collagenous connective tissue

117
Q

allows stretching of organs

A

Elastic connective tissue

118
Q

binds smooth muscle tissue cells

A

Reticular connective tissue

119
Q

provides movement at joints, flexibility and support

A

Hyaline cartilage

120
Q

supports and fuses structures together

A

Fibrocartilage

121
Q

gives support and maintains shape

A

Elastic cartilage

122
Q

houses blood forming tissue

A

Bone tissue

123
Q

transport oxygen and carbon

A

Blood tissue

124
Q

is attached to bones and function in motion

A

Skeletal muscle tissue (muscular tissue)

125
Q

found in the hollow internal structures such as the stomach to provide contraction

A

Smooth muscle tissue (muscular tissue)

126
Q

is located in the heart wall and serves to contract the heart

A

Cardiac muscle tissue (muscular tissue)

127
Q

made up of neurons which exhibit sensitivity to various types of stimuli; converts stimuli to nerve impulses and conducts nerve impulse to other neurons, muscle cells or glands

A

Nervous tissue

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