basic anatomical terminology Flashcards by maribel mendoza

anatomical position

> standing with arms at the sides, palms facing forward, with the head and feet facing.

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supine position

lie face up

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prone position

lying facing down

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directional terms

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superior

above; towards the head

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inferior

below; towards the feet

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medial

toward the midline

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lateral

away from the midline

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cranial

towards the head

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caudal

toward the tail

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proximal

closer to the top of the limb

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distal

further away from the shoulder join or the hip joint

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the front of the body

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posterior

back of the body

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deep

towards the center of the body or body part

ex:
the lungs are deep to the skin

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superficial

closer to the surface of the body than another structure

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ventral

towards the front or belly

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dorsal

towards the back

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Planes and Sections

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sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left portions that may or may not be equal

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frontal plane (also known as coronal plane)

is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

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transverse plane

cross-sectional plane or horizontal plane) cut perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ. Body or organ is separated into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

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BODY LANDMARKS

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UPPER EXTREMITY

brachial

the upper arm

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UPPER EXTREMITY | Antebrachial

the forearm (between the elbow & wrist)

UPPER EXTREMITY | olecranal

outer elbow (posterior aspect of the elbow )

UPPER EXTREMITY | Antecubital

inner elbow; known as cubital region

LOWER EXTREMITY | femoral

the thigh

LOWER EXTREMITY | crural

leg (the portion of the lower limb knee & the ankle )

Cephalic

head

cervical

neck

Thoracic

Chest

lumbar

low back; the inferior part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis

sacral

posterior region between the hip bones (below lumbar)

orbital

the eye

ocular

associated w/ eyeball

oral

mouth

buccal

cheek

axillary

armpit

acromial

shoulder; sharp corner of shoulder

gluteal

buttock; the butt

patellar

kneecap

popliteal

posterior knee; behind the knee

abdominal

abdomen; region between thorax & pelvis

pubic

anterior region of the pelvis (pubis)

SKELETAL TERMS

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foramen

round or oval opening through a bone

fissure

deep groove or crack like sore of the skin

fossa

depression of cavity

opening or depression

foramen; fissure

facet

pair of small joins in between the vertebrae in the back of spine

condyle

rounded that articulates with another bone

articulate process

where two bones meet. | ex: knee joint

tuberosity

rough surface

tubercle

small, rounded process

trochanter

large process on a bone

epicondyle

raised area on and or above a condyle | Condyle means rounded surface

THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON

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clavicle

an S shape bone that extend between the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

sternal end

a roughly pyramidal in shape and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum, forming sternoclavicular joint

acromial end

(Lateral end) the clavicle is broad and flattened

Conoid tubercle

clavicle right, inferior

scapula

the left or right scapula

acromion process

the scapular spine that hooks over anteriorly

Coracoid process

a short projection from the shoulder blade which part of the biceps is attached

glenoid cavity

a bone into which another bone fits form a join

scapular spine

bone that separates the suprapinatous fossa from the infraspinatous

Subscapular fossa

under the scapula; the large depressed inside of the wing

infraspinous fossa

posterior; under the spine

supraspinous fossa

above the spine

Humerus

large bone upper extremity; the arm

head of humerus

rounded side

deltoid tuberosity

ridge that spilts the 2 tubercles on front of bone

greater tubercle

greater of the 2 buldges on front of bone

lesser tubercle

smaller of the 2 buldges on front of bone

intertubercular sulcus

between lesser tubercle and the greater tubercle

capitulum

side of elbow join, opp side of bulge

olecranon fossa

space at posterior side of elbow

lateral epicondyle

Lateral side of bottom

Medial epicondyle

medial side of bottom that bulges out

trochlea

medial side of elbow join, beside bulge

radial fossa

space above the capitulum

coronoid fossa

space above the trochlea

ulna

the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm

olecranon process

proximal end of ulna on the dorsal side

Styloid process

dorsal, medial head of the ulna

trochlear notch

opening mouth of the wrench; located in end of ulna, opening in the ventral plane

head of ulna

distal forearm

coronoid process

below the trochlear notch of ulna; thin bottom of mouth

radial notch

lateral aspect of the coronoid process

radius

later and shorter of the two forearm bones

ulnar notch

medial aspect of the distal radius

styloid process

lateral aspect of the distal radius becomes increasingly ridge

radial tuberosity

distal to the medial part of the back; lumpy bump

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