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Vocal Techniques > BASIC ANATOMICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGYVOICE HEALTH/VOICE CARE > Flashcards

BASIC ANATOMICAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGYVOICE HEALTH/VOICE CARE Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

34 vertebrae

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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7 vertebrae

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3
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there? (aka the ribcage)

A

7 ‘true’
3 ‘false’
2 ‘floating’

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4
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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5
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

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6
Q

How many coccyx vertebrae are there?

A

5

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7
Q

Define active respiratory forces

A

Requires a muscle to do work

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8
Q

Define passive respiratory forces

A

Come from physical properties of tissue and gravity

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9
Q

What are the primary muscles of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

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10
Q

Where are the external intercostals located?

A

Between the ribs

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11
Q

Define passive expiration

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals relax, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and the lungs and increasing air pressure in the lungs

(not typical for singing)

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12
Q

Define active expiration

A

Contraction of abdominal muscles and internal intercostals force the diaphragm up and the ribs inward, causing more pressure in the lungs and thoracic cavity, forcing air out

typical for singing

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13
Q

What are the muscles of expiration?

A

Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

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14
Q

What are the abdominal muscles?

A 
RITE
Rectus
Internal obliques
Transverse
External obliques
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15
Q

Thoracic breathing

A

Focuses on chest/rib expansion and upper abdominal wall

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16
Q

Abdominal or “belly breathing”

A

Focuses on expanded abdominals which must displace w/ the lowering of the diaphragm

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17
Q

‘Appoggio’ breathing

A

Italian for “to lean”

Implies muscular antagonism between muscles of inhalation and exhalation

A perfect balance

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18
Q

What type of breathing is widely denounced?

A

Clavicular/Shoulder breathing

19
Q

How long is the larynx?

A

1.5-2 inches

20
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Voice box

Passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea

Contains vocal folds

21
Q

What is the main purpose of the larynx?

A

Survival

22
Q

What is the laryngeal cartilage made of?

A

Mostly hyaline, which hardens as we age

23
Q

What is the epiglottis made of?

A

Elastic cartilage

24
Q

What are the three unpaired laryngeal cartilages?

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

25
Q

What are the three paired laryngeal cartilages?

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

26
Q

Define thyroid cartilage

A

The largest cartilaginous plate in the larynx

The Adam’s apple

27
Q

Define cricoid cartilage

A

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

Uppermost ring of the trachea

Taller in posterior

28
Q

Define epiglottis

A

Uppermost laryngeal cartilage

Resembles a long leaf

Attached to thyroid cartilage just below thyroid notch

29
Q

Define arytenoids

A

Two small pyramid-shaped cartilages that open and close the vocal folds

Rotate, tilt, and glide in synchronous choreography

Primary abductors and adductors

30
Q

What are the four types of intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Openers
Closers
Lengtheners
Shorteners

31
Q

What is the space between the left and right vocal folds?

A

Glottis

32
Q

True or False: We can consciously or directly control the muscles of the larynx in much the same way as the bicep.

A

False

33
Q

True or False: McCoy recommends that we use the term ‘vocal cord’ since the vocal ligament is long and string-like.

A

False

34
Q

In speech or song, each oscillation of the vocal folds occurs so quickly that the naked human eye cannot comprehend the movement of the folds. However, when viewed in slow motion, using high speed or stroboscopic cameras, the surface of the fold appears to ripple in a wavelike motion. This phenomenon is called the ___________.

A

Mucosal wave

35
Q

Put the layers of the vocal folds in order from outermost to innermost.

A

Outermost: Epithelium
Transitional: Lamina Propria
Innermost: Thyroarytenoid muscle

36
Q

What is the name of the vocal fold muscle?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscle

37
Q

True or False: Muscular activities alone are not able to open and close the glottis rapidly enough for sound production.

A

True

38
Q

Lying directly above the true vocal folds are ventricular folds which assist the epiglottis in protecting the airway during swallowing. Before the advent of instrumentation to look at the true vocal folds in action, many people believed the ventricular folds adducted to produce sounds in addition to the true vocal folds. What is the most common term used to refer to these ventricular folds?

A

False vocal folds

39
Q

True of False: During phonation, glottal opening always occurs from the upper edge of the vocal fold to the lower edge.

A

False

40
Q

What are the ventricular folds?

A

The false vocal folds

41
Q

Define aryepiglottic folds

A

Triangular folds of mucous membrane located at the entrance of the larynx

Extending from the lateral borders of the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages

42
Q

Define epithelium

A

The thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures

43
Q

What are the lamina propria and it’s layers?

A

The transitional layer of the vocal folds

Layers:
Deep
Intermediate
Superficial

Vocal Techniques (2 decks)

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