Basic Anatomical Concepts

Question 1

Type I muscle is known as

Answer 1

Red muscle

Question 2

Type II muscle is known as

Answer 2

Mixed muscle

Question 3

Type IIx muscle is known as

Answer 3

White muscle

Question 4

Why type I muscle is red

Answer 4

High concentration of myoglobin and mitochondria

Question 5

Why type IIa muscle is mixed

Answer 5

Intermediate concentration of myoglobin and mitochondria

Question 6

Why type IIx muscle is white

Answer 6

Low concentration of myoglobin and mitochondria

Question 7

What kind of twitch fibers are in red muscle (type I)

Answer 7

Slow twitch - high endurance, low myosin ATPase activity, aerobic

Question 8

What kind of twitch fibers are in mixed muscle (type IIa)

Answer 8

Fast twitch - medium endurance, medium myosin ATPase activity, aerobic and anaerobic

Question 9

What kind of twitch fibers are in red muscle (type I)

Answer 9

Fastest twitch - low endurance, high myosin ATPase activity, anaerobic

Question 10

What is type I collagen used for (9)

Answer 10

Bone
Skin
Tendons
Ligaments
Fascia
Dentin
Cornea
Organs
Scar tissue (late stage)

Question 11

Disease related to collagen I deficiency

Answer 11

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 12

What is type II collagen used for (3)

Answer 12

Cartilage
Vitreous humor of the eye
Intervertebral discs (nucleus pulposus)

Question 13

Disease related to collagen II deficiency

Answer 13

Achondrogenesis

Question 14

What is type III collagen used for (6)

Answer 14

Reticular fibers in skin
Blood vessels
Granulation tissue
Uterus
Scar tissue (early stages)
Fetal tissue

Question 15

Disease related to collagen III deficiency

Answer 15

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vascular)

Question 16

What is type IV collagen used for (2)

Answer 16

Basement membranes
Lens

Question 17

Disease related to collagen IV deficiency (2)

Answer 17

Alport syndrome
Goodpasture syndrome

Question 18

What is type V collagen used for (4)

Answer 18

Bone
Skin
Fetal tissue
Placenta

Question 19

Disease related to collagen V deficiency

Answer 19

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (classic)

Question 20

Types of joints (3)

Answer 20

Diarthrosis (free-synovial)
Amphiarthrosis (mobile-cartilaginous)
Synarthrosis (immobile-fibrous)

Question 21

Types of synovial joints (6)

Answer 21

Ball and socket (hip)
Hinge (knee)
Pivot (proximal radioulnar)
Condyloid (wrist)
Saddle (phalanges)
Plane (vertebrae)

Question 22

Types of cartilaginous joints (2)

Answer 22

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)
Symphysis (fibrocartilage)

Question 23

Types of fibrous joints (3)

Answer 23

Syndesmosis (ligamentous)
Suture (skull)
Gomphosis (teeth/jaw)

Question 24

Who invented x-rays and when

Answer 24

Wilhelm Roentgen, 1901

Question 25

What type of joint is the atlantooccipital joint

Answer 25

Synovial - condyloid

Question 26

What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint

Answer 26

Synovial - pivot

Question 27

What type of joint is the uncinate process

Answer 27

Synovial -

Question 28

What type of joint is the intervertebral joint

Answer 28

Cartilaginous - symphysis

Question 29

What type of joint is the zygapophyseal joint

Answer 29

Synovial - plane

Question 30

Function of anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 30

Limit extension

Question 31

Function of posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 31

Limit flexion

Question 32

Function of ligamentum flavum

Question 33

Function of interspinous ligament

Question 34

Function of intertransverse ligament

Question 35

Function of supraspinatus ligament

Question 36

Function of anterior atlantooccipital (AO) membrane

Answer 36

Limit extension

Question 37

Function of anterior atlantoaxial (AA) membrane

Answer 37

Limit extension

Question 38

What cervical membranes are the continuous extension of the anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 38

AA (atlantoaxial) AO (atlantooccipital)

Question 39

What cervical membrane is the continuous extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 39

Tectorial membrane

Question 40

Where is the apical ligament located

Answer 40

Between the dens and the cranium

Question 41

Where is the alar ligament located

Question 42

Where is the cruciate ligament found

Question 43

Innervation of the trapezius

Answer 43

Accessory N. (CN XI) C3-C4 of cervical plexus

Question 44

Innervation of the levator scapula (2)

Answer 44

Dorsal scapular N. Cervical spinal N (C3-C4)

Question 45

Innervation of the rhomboids

Answer 45

Dorsal scapular N. (C4-C5)

Question 46

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

Answer 46

Thoracodorsal N. (C6-C8)

Question 47

Innervation of teres major

Answer 47

Lower subscapular N. (C5-C6)

Question 48

Innervation of serratus posterior superior

Answer 48

Spinal nn. (T2-T5) (anterior rami)

Question 49

Innervation of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 49

Spinal nn. (T9-T12) (anterior rami)

Question 50

Innervation of splenius capitis and splenius cervices

Answer 50

Spinal nn. (C1-C6) (posterior rami-lateral branches)

Question 51

Innervation of iliocostalis cervices/thoracis/lumborum

Answer 51

Spinal nn. (C8-L1) (posterior rami-lateral branches)

Question 52

Innervation of longissimus capitis/cervices/thoracis

Answer 52

Spinal nn. (C1-L5) (posterior rami-lateral branches)

Question 53

Innervation of spinalis cervicis/thoracis

Answer 53

Spinal nn. (posterior rami)

Question 54

Innervation of all transversospinalis muscles

Answer 54

Spinal nn. (posterior rami)

Question 55

Transversospinalis muscles (6)

Answer 55

Rotatores breves Rotatores longus Multifidus Semispinalis capitis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis thoracis

Question 56

Innervation of all suboccipital muscles

Answer 56

C1 (posterior ramus or suboccipital n.)

Question 57

Suboccipital muscles (2 x2)

Answer 57

Recuts capitis posterior - major - minor Obliquus capitis inferior - superior - inferior