Basic Aerodynamics Flashcards
The acute angle of figure “A” is the angle of
Attack
The term angle of attack is defined as the angle
between the wing cord line and the relative wind
The angle of the wing cord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is the angle of
attack
The term angle of attacking defined by the angle between the
cord of the wing and relative wind
The angle of attack at which an airfoil stalls will
remain the same regardless of gross weight
What is the effect of advancing the throttle in flight
airspeed will remain relatively consistent but the aircraft will climb
What is Bernoulli’s principal
air traveling faster over a curved surface will cause pressure to decrese
Four forces acting on an airplane in flight are
lift, weight, thrust, and drag
What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when an airfoil is in straight and level flight
lift equals weight and thrust equals drag
When are the four forces of flight in equilibrium
during unaccelerated flight
The best speed to use for a glide is one that will result in the greatest glide distance for a given amount of
altitude
Climb performance depends upon the
reserve power or thrust
(refer to figure 72) The horizontal dashed line from point C to point E represents the
postive load factor
(refer to figure 72) The vertical dashed line from point E to point F is represented on the airspeed indicator by the
upper limit of the yellow arc
An airplane that is considered to be inherently stable will
require less effort to control
What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane
the location of CG with respect to the center of lift
What causes an airplane (except a T-Tail) to pitch nose down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted
The downsplash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced
AN airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft if the CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic the pilot might experience with this airplane would be
difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition
(refer to figure 2) If an aircraft weighs 2300lbs what appx weight would the aircraft structure be required to support during a 60 degree bank angle turn
4600lbs
(refer to figure 2) if an airplane weighs 3300lbs what appx weight would the aircraft structure be required to support during a 30 degree bank angle turn
3960lbs
(refer to figure 2) If an airplane weighs 4500lbs what weight would that aircraft structure be required to support during a 45 degree bank turn
6750lbs
The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the
speed of an airplane
which basic maneuver in an airplane increases the load factor on the airplane as compared to straight and level flight
turns
what force makes an airplane turn
horizontal component of lift
during an approach to stall, an increases load factor will cause the airplane to
stall at a higher airspeed
Loading an aircraft to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be
less stable at all airspeeds
Changes in the center if pressure affect the aircraft’s
aerodynamic balance and controllability
Select four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft
straight and level, turns, climbs, and decent
(refer to figure 62) In flying the rectangular course, when would the aircraft be turned less than 90 degrees?
Corners 1 and 4
(refer to figure 66) While practicing S turns, a consistintlly smaller half circle is made on one side of the road than on the other, and this turn is not completed before crossing the road or reference line. This would most likely occur in turn,
4, 5, 6, because the bank is increased too rapidly during the early part of the turn
If an emergency situation requires a downwind landing, pilots should expect a faster
groundspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point
When executing an emergency approach in a single engine airplane, it is important to maintain a constant glide speed because variations in glide speed
nullify attempts at accuracy in judgment of gliding distance and landing spot.
As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will
remain the same regardless of altitude
The direct cause of every stall is excessive
angle of attack
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin
stalled
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
Both wings are stalled
The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will
remain the same regardless of gross weight
One of the main fun actions of flaps during an approach and landing is to
increase the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed
What is the purpose of wing flaps
to enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem
becoming airborne before reaching recommended takeoff speed
What is ground effect
the result of the interference of the surface of the earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at
less than the length of the wingspan above the surface
What must a pilot be aware of during ground effect
induced drag decreases; therefore any excess speed at the point of flare will cause considerable floating
Which is a result of the phenomenon of ground effect
The angle of attack generating lift is increased
(refer to figure 46) The airspeed range to avoid when flying in around effect is
40mph and above
An aircraft leaving ground effect during takeoff will
experience an increase in induced drag and an increase in performance
When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance
stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown
How does the wake turbulence vortex circle around your wingtip
outward, upward, and around each tip
When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to
sink below the flightpath of an aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence
Wingtip vortices occur only when an aircraft is
developing lift
Increased vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is
heavy, clean, and slow
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to
sink below the aircraft generating turbulence
The wing condition that requires the maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a
light quartering tailwind
When landing behind a large aircraft the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying
above aircraft final approach paths and landing beyond the large aircraft touchdown point
When departing behind heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft
above and upwind of the heavy aircraft
What wind condition prolongs the hazards of wake turbulence on a landing runway for the longest time
light. quartering tailwind
A go around from a poor landing approach
is always preferable to last minute attempts to avoid a bad landing
