Basic A&P

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the structure of the body

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of of the body functions

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

The smallest functioning unit in the body

Question 4

Tissue

Answer 4

A group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 5

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 5

Flat cells that cover and line body surfaces

Question 6

Connective Tissue

Answer 6

blood, bone, cartilage, and adipose cells that support and connect tissues and organs

Question 7

Muscle Tissue

Answer 7

long cells that provide the contractile tissue for movement of the body

Question 8

Nerve Tissue

Answer 8

cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses to regulate body functions

Question 9

Organs

Answer 9

Body structures formed by the combination of two or more different types of tissue. (each organ is a specialized component of the body and accomplishes a specific function, i.e heart, brain, skin, kidneys)

Question 10

Body Systems

Answer 10

Groups of organs functioning together for a common purpose (Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Respratory, Digestive, Urinary, Endocrine, Reproductive, Lymphatic, Circulatory)

Question 11

Integumentary System

Answer 11

skin, hair, nails, glands

*(protects against harmful pathogens and chemicals and regulates temperature)

Question 12

Skeletal System

Answer 12

bones, ligaments, joints, cartilage

*(supports and protects internal organs, stores minerals, the location of blood cell formation)

Question 13

Muscular System

Answer 13

muscles and tendons

*(skeletal movement and heat production)

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

brain, spinal cord, nerves

*(recognizes and interprets sensory stimuli and regulates responses to stimuli by coordinating other body systems)

Question 15

Respiratory System

Answer 15

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

*(exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and circulating blood)

Question 16

Digestive System

Answer 16

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
*(breaks down food and usable molecules to be absorbed by the body and eliminates waste products)

Question 17

Urinary System

Answer 17

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

*(removes waste products and regulates water and salt balance)

Question 18

Endocrine System

Answer 18

thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus, pineal gland
*(produces and regulates hormones)

Question 19

Reproductive System

Answer 19

Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breats
Male: testes, epididymides, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis
*(sexual reproduction and development of male and female sexual characteristics)

Question 20

Lymphatic System

Answer 20

lymph vessels, ducts, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus

*(returns excess tissue fluid to the blood stream and defends against disease)

Question 21

Circulatory System

Answer 21

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

*(transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste pruducts)

Question 22

Body Planes

Answer 22

Frontal (coronal) plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Sagittal plane - divides the body vertically into right and left portions

Midsagittal plane - vertically divides the body into equal right and left portions

Transverse plane - cross-sectional division seperating the body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

Question 23

Body Cavities

Answer 23

Ventral (anterior) Cavity - thorasic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Dorsal (posterior) Cavity - cranial cavity, spinal cavity

Question 24

Epidermis

Answer 24

thinnest layer of skin, contains no blood vessles or nerve endings.

Question 25

Keratin

Answer 25

hard protein that prevents the loss or entry of water and resists the entry of pathogens and harmful chemicals

Question 26

Melanin

Answer 26

determines the darkness of skin color by the amount of melain produced by exposure to UV light

Question 27

Dermis

Answer 27

(2nd layer) Lies below the epidermis, thicker, contains capillaries, lymph vessels, nerve fibers, sudoriferous glands, sebacious glands, and hair follicles.

Question 28

Sudoriferous gland

Answer 28

small glands produce perspiration that regulates body temperature by evaporation and elimates waste products through the pores of skin

Question 29

Sebacious glands

Answer 29

oil-secreting glands of the skin, prevents drying of the hair and skin (sebum-oily substance)

Question 30

Hematopoesis

Answer 30

blood cell formation (happens in the marrow(center) of ther bone)

Question 31

Long Bones

Answer 31

bones in the exremities

• leg: femur, tibia, fibula
• arm: humerus, radius, ulna
• hand: metacarpals, phalanges

Question 32

Short bones

Answer 32

bones in the wrists and ankles

Question 33

Flat bones

Answer 33

ribs, shoulder blades, hips, skull bones

Question 34

Irregular bones

Answer 34

vertebrae, facial bones

Question 35

Ligament

Answer 35

Fibrosis connective tissue that binds bones together at the joint

Question 36

Tendon

Answer 36

connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Question 37

Types of Joints

Answer 37

Immovable: skull sutures
Partially movable: vertebrae
Free moving (Synovial): knees, hips, elbows, wrist, feet

Question 38

Bursae

Answer 38

sac of synovial fluid betweem a tendon and bone to decrease friction