Basic A&P Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of the structure of the body
Physiology
Study of of the body functions
Cells
The smallest functioning unit in the body
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structure and function
Epithelial Tissue
Flat cells that cover and line body surfaces
Connective Tissue
blood, bone, cartilage, and adipose cells that support and connect tissues and organs
Muscle Tissue
long cells that provide the contractile tissue for movement of the body
Nerve Tissue
cells capable of transmitting electrical impulses to regulate body functions
Organs
Body structures formed by the combination of two or more different types of tissue. (each organ is a specialized component of the body and accomplishes a specific function, i.e heart, brain, skin, kidneys)
Body Systems
Groups of organs functioning together for a common purpose (Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Respratory, Digestive, Urinary, Endocrine, Reproductive, Lymphatic, Circulatory)
Integumentary System
skin, hair, nails, glands
*(protects against harmful pathogens and chemicals and regulates temperature)
Skeletal System
bones, ligaments, joints, cartilage
*(supports and protects internal organs, stores minerals, the location of blood cell formation)
Muscular System
muscles and tendons
*(skeletal movement and heat production)
Nervous System
brain, spinal cord, nerves
*(recognizes and interprets sensory stimuli and regulates responses to stimuli by coordinating other body systems)
Respiratory System
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
*(exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and circulating blood)
Digestive System
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
*(breaks down food and usable molecules to be absorbed by the body and eliminates waste products)
Urinary System
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
*(removes waste products and regulates water and salt balance)
Endocrine System
thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pituitary gland, ovaries, testes, thymus, pineal gland
*(produces and regulates hormones)
Reproductive System
Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breats
Male: testes, epididymides, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis
*(sexual reproduction and development of male and female sexual characteristics)
Lymphatic System
lymph vessels, ducts, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, thymus
*(returns excess tissue fluid to the blood stream and defends against disease)
Circulatory System
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
*(transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste pruducts)
Body Planes
Frontal (coronal) plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Sagittal plane - divides the body vertically into right and left portions
Midsagittal plane - vertically divides the body into equal right and left portions
Transverse plane - cross-sectional division seperating the body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Body Cavities
Ventral (anterior) Cavity - thorasic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
Dorsal (posterior) Cavity - cranial cavity, spinal cavity
Epidermis
thinnest layer of skin, contains no blood vessles or nerve endings.
