Basic 2 Flashcards
How is the wind direction specified?
-as a true bearing for upper winds by meteo office -as a magnetic bearing for take-off and landing by air traffic services
How is wind speed expressed?
During cruise in knots and km/h During take-off and landing in knots and m/s
List six vakues used for determinig the shape and orientation of the wind triangle
True heading, true track, wind direction True air speed, ground speed, wind speed
List the designators of the sides of the wind triangle
Air vector (true heading, true air speed) Ground vector (true track, ground speed) Wind vector (wind direction, wind speed)
List planning data which is available for the preparation of flight
Desired true track (DTK) Distance Wind direction and speed True air speed (TAS) Fuel consumption per hour Magnetic variation (VAR) Magnetic deviation (DEV)
List the parts of the vertical flight profile
Climb, cruise, descent
Describe descent gradient
A typical descent gradient is about 330 feet per NM. This is approximately a descent angle of 3 degrees. For each 1000 feet altitude, a distance of 3 NM is required. Tailwind - descend distance increase Headwind - descent distance decrease
Rule of thumb for cslculating the ROD
Rod (ft/min)=GS (knots) * 5
List ground based navigation systems
VDF, NDB, VOR, DME, TACAN, ILS, MLS, GBAS, SRE
List statellite navigation systems
GPS (USA), GLONAS (RUS), Galileo (EU), BeiDou (China), SBAS
List self contained navigation systems
INS(Inertial Navigation System), IRS (Inertial Reference System)
List factors affecting range of VDF
Line or sight, intervening highly ground, transmitting power, atmospheric refraction, errors from transmission from other aircraft.
List factors affecting accuracy of VDF
Reflections from terrain and buildings, aircraft altitude, loss of signal overhead ground station, interference between direct and ground reflecting waves.
Describe homing
Homing means flying inbound to a station, without correcting the heading for the wind, disadvantages: not the shortest way to the station, with crosswind components permanent heading changes, unable to maintain a required track.
Describe tracking
Tracking means following a required track to the station. To achieve this the WCA must be considered.
Factors affecting range and accuracy of ADF
NDB transmission power, NDB frequency, percipitations, ADF reciever quality
RBI
Relative Bearing Indicator
HSI
Horizontal Situation Indicator
CDI
Course Deviation Indicator
What is a drift angle
Drift angle is the difference between the selected radial and the heading to maintain for the needle to stay centered
Parts of the ILS
Localozer transmitter, glide path transmitter, marker beacons, airborne equipment.
What is the correct way to fly an ILS approach?
Always establish on the LOC first, at an altitude and distance that will allow the GP to be intercepted from below.
Factors affecting range and accuracy of ILS
Multipath interference due to large reflecting objects, weather, FM brodcasts
Criteria for CAT 1
Decision height 200 ft, RVR limit 550 m of 1800 ft, visibility not less than 800m
Advantages and disadvantages of MLS
Advantages: larger course guidance area, more freq channels than ILS, more compact ground installation, two different GP angles to the same rwy Disadvantages: still costly to buy, operate and maintain
What is a slant range?
Slant range is a direct distance from the aircraft and the ground system (DME)
