Basic Flashcards
What is the role of the ICAO in global aviation?
ICAO ensures international cooperation and uniformity in regulations and standards through SARPs (Standards and Recommended Practices) incorporated as Annexes to the Chicago Convention.
How does the Chicago Convention influence Australian aviation law?
It is implemented through the Air Navigation Act 1920, which aligns Australia’s aviation regulations with international standards.
What legislative instruments empower CASA to issue regulatory documents?
The Civil Aviation Act 1988, CASRs, and CARs empower CASA to issue Civil Aviation Orders and Manuals of Standards.
What is Part 21 of CASR 1998 concerned with?
Part 21 regulates design, manufacture, and airworthiness certification of aircraft and aeronautical products, including type and production certificates.
How does Part 42 ensure airworthiness in aviation?
It separates responsibilities for continuing airworthiness management (CAMO) and maintenance providers, requiring annual airworthiness reviews.
What are the key requirements of Part 145 for AMOs?
AMOs must implement safety management systems, consider human factors in maintenance processes, and authorize staff for maintenance certifications.
Describe the relationship between CASA and the FAA under the Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement.
CASA and FAA recognize each other’s certification systems for design, production, and airworthiness to promote aviation safety.
How does CASA collaborate with EASA?
CASA harmonizes Australian regulations with EASA standards, focusing on safety and compatibility with EU aviation laws.
What is the ANZA agreement between CASA and CAANZ?
It ensures mutual recognition of aviation-related certifications and Air Operator Certificates between Australia and New Zealand.
What are the primary categories of licenses under Part 66?
Categories include A, B1, B2, and C, each covering specific maintenance and certification privileges.
What distinguishes a Category C license from a Category B license?
A Category C license allows issuing CRS for base maintenance on large aircraft, while B licenses focus on specific systems or components.
What is the eligibility criterion for obtaining a Type-Rated Aircraft License?
Completing theoretical and practical training specific to the aircraft type, assessed by a CASA-approved training organization.
What is the purpose of a Manual of Standards (MOS) under CASR Part 145?
It provides detailed technical material for uniform application and safety in maintenance operations.
What key personnel must an AMO appoint?
An accountable manager, responsible manager, quality manager, and safety manager.
What records are AMOs required to maintain for certifying staff?
Records must include details of qualifications, authorizations, and maintenance tasks performed.
What is a Type Certificate (TC), and why is it important?
A TC certifies an aircraft type meets applicable airworthiness standards, forming the basis for production and operation.
What is the role of Supplemental Type Certificates (STC)?
STCs authorize major modifications to an aircraft’s type design.
Describe the process for issuing a Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA).
CASA evaluates the aircraft’s compliance with safety standards through records review, physical inspection, and testing.
What are the responsibilities of a CAMO?
CAMOs manage airworthiness, conduct airworthiness reviews, and ensure maintenance aligns with approved schedules.
What is a Minimum Equipment List (MEL)?
An MEL specifies the equipment an aircraft can operate without, subject to CASA approval.
Define a Configuration Deviation List (CDL).
A CDL lists non-critical parts that can be missing for an aircraft to remain operational.
What is Practical Consolidation Training (PCT)?
PCT involves hands-on training under supervision, focusing on real-world maintenance tasks as part of AME certification.
How does CASA recognize prior learning (RPL)?
By assessing previous qualifications and experience equivalent to current competency standards.
What is required to maintain license currency under Part 66?
Documented evidence of recent maintenance tasks or completion of refresher training within prescribed timeframes.
What is the significance of human factors in Part 145 organizations?
They address human performance limitations to enhance safety and reduce errors.
Explain the difference between base and line maintenance.
Base maintenance involves extensive checks at approved facilities, while line maintenance includes routine and minor tasks conducted at operational locations.
What is the Annual Airworthiness Review?
A mandatory inspection involving a records check and physical survey to ensure aircraft compliance with airworthiness standards.
Define a large aircraft under CASR Part 42.
A large aircraft has an MTOW exceeding 5700 kg or is classified as large in the Part 42 MOS.
What is a Primary Category Aircraft?
Simple-design aircraft used for personal purposes, eligible for limited preventive maintenance by pilot-owners, certified under CASR 21.024.
How does CASA handle type certification for foreign-manufactured aircraft?
CASA accepts Type Certificates or Type Acceptance Certificates from recognized countries like the USA, UK, and Canada.
What are the basic knowledge requirements for obtaining a Part 66 license?
Knowledge must align with the modules outlined in Appendix I of the Part 66 MOS and assessed by a CASA-approved MTO.
How does a Category A license differ from a Category B1 license?
Category A allows line maintenance and certifying work performed by the licensee. B1 includes more complex maintenance tasks, such as structural and powerplant systems.
What is the significance of the 10-year rule for Part 66 module examinations?
All required modules for a license must be passed within ten years from the first module exam to ensure currency of knowledge.
What does ‘fabrication in the course of maintenance’ (FITCOM) mean?
FITCOM allows AMOs to create parts during maintenance, provided it follows approved procedures and is necessary for safety.
What is the purpose of a Safety Management System (SMS) in Part 145 organizations?
An SMS ensures a systematic approach to managing safety risks, complying with ICAO SARP amendments.
Define an Approved Maintenance Program (AMP).
An AMP outlines scheduled maintenance requirements tailored to specific aircraft to maintain airworthiness.
What is the purpose of troubleshooting in aviation maintenance?
It identifies the root cause of defects using approved fault isolation procedures and tools like Built-In Test Equipment (BITE).
Explain the role of a Continuation Training Program.
It ensures AMEs remain current with regulatory changes, technical advancements, and procedural updates.
How is a Special Flight Permit used?
It authorizes flights for specific purposes like ferrying or testing when an aircraft does not meet standard airworthiness requirements.
What are the privileges of a B2 license holder?
They include certifying avionics and electrical systems, performing functional checks, and updating software with simple verification tests.
What is a Certificate of Release to Service (CRS)?
A CRS is a document confirming maintenance was completed in accordance with approved data and the aircraft is safe to operate.
When can a Category C license holder issue a CRS?
For base maintenance on large aircraft after ensuring the work aligns with type-rating privileges and regulations.
What records must AMEs maintain to demonstrate currency?
Logbooks or digital records showing details like dates, aircraft types, tasks performed, and certifications issued.
Why is maintenance data critical in aviation?
It provides technical guidance, specifications, and procedures necessary for safe and compliant maintenance.
What is the role of an Aircraft Logbook?
It records maintenance history, modifications, and airworthiness directives, serving as a permanent aircraft record.
What is the significance of human factors training in aviation?
It addresses safety issues related to human performance, improving decision-making, teamwork, and error management.
Define an Extended Diversion Time Operation (EDTO).
EDTO refers to long-range flights where an aircraft operates beyond the range of standard alternate airports, requiring specific maintenance and operational approvals.
How does CASA ensure safety during taxiing operations?
By mandating certification and training for personnel authorized to taxi aircraft under operational procedures.
What is the purpose of a Manual of Standards (MOS)?
To provide detailed technical and procedural requirements supplementing CASRs for consistent application.
What is an Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)?
It is a guideline showing how to meet CASR requirements, although alternative methods can be proposed and assessed by CASA.
How are Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAPs) used?
CAAPs provide interpretive guidance to illustrate compliance methods but are not legally binding.
What is an Air Operators Certificate (AOC)?
An AOC authorizes an operator to conduct specified commercial aviation activities, such as regular public transport or charter services, under CASA regulations.
What responsibilities does a registered operator have regarding airworthiness?
They must maintain aircraft airworthiness, comply with maintenance schedules, and ensure defects are rectified or deferred as per regulations.
What is the purpose of a Minimum Equipment List (MEL)?
The MEL specifies which equipment may be inoperative for an aircraft to remain operational, subject to CASA approval and repair timelines.
What is the significance of a Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS)?
It provides detailed information about an aircraft type’s design, performance, and operational limitations.
Explain the concept of non-type-rated aircraft.
These are aircraft that do not require specific type ratings for maintenance, such as Cessna 180 series or Robinson R22/R44 series.
How are multi-engine helicopters classified for type ratings?
They are categorized as large aircraft requiring specific type ratings due to their complexity and operational requirements.
What is the role of Part 147 organizations?
They deliver competency-based training for aircraft maintenance licenses, including theoretical and practical type training.
How does CASA assess Practical Consolidation Training (PCT)?
CASA evaluates whether the PCT program reflects best practices in maintenance training, including real-world task applications.
What are the requirements for AMEs to qualify for license renewal?
AMEs must document at least 100 days of maintenance activity over six months or complete an assessment by a Part 147 MTO.
What is the purpose of occurrence reporting in maintenance?
It identifies and reports maintenance errors or defects to improve safety and prevent recurrence.
How does CASA ensure compliance with continuing airworthiness requirements?
By conducting audits, enforcing regulations, and requiring organizations to implement Safety Management Systems (SMS).
What are the functions of the Quality Manager in an AMO?
The Quality Manager oversees compliance, conducts internal audits, and ensures corrective actions for safety and regulatory standards.
What are the privileges of a Category A license holder in line maintenance?
They can perform maintenance and issue a CRS for work completed within their subcategory privileges.
How are simple tests defined under CASR regulations?
Tests with a unique go-no-go result, requiring no interpretation or complex tools to confirm system functionality.
What is the procedure for addressing major defects in an aircraft?
Major defects must be reported to CASA, investigated, and rectified following approved procedures to ensure airworthiness.
What documents must be carried on Australian-registered aircraft?
Aircraft must carry its Certificate of Airworthiness, registration certificate, weight and balance reports, and the operator’s MEL.
How is a Certificate of Registration issued under CASR Part 47?
CASA issues it upon verifying ownership, ensuring compliance with registration requirements and national markings.
What is the importance of a Maintenance Release document?
It certifies that the aircraft is airworthy for operation until the next scheduled maintenance or expiry of the release.
How do CASA and EASA collaborate under Regulation (EC)?
They align safety standards and certification practices, supporting mutual recognition of airworthiness and operational approvals.
What is the FAR equivalent in the United States, and how does it differ from CASRs?
The FARs are U.S. aviation regulations, differing in legal structure and drafting style but aiming for similar safety objectives.
What countries’ Type Certificates does CASA automatically recognize?
CASA recognizes Type Certificates from countries like the USA, UK, Germany, Canada, and New Zealand under harmonization agreements.
What is FITCOM, and how is it regulated?
Fabrication in the course of maintenance allows AMOs to create parts during maintenance, following strict CASA-approved guidelines.
How does CASA regulate fuel tank safety training?
It requires training on safety protocols and procedures to minimize risks associated with fuel tank maintenance.
What are the requirements for an AME to conduct engine ground-run training?
The AME must complete CASA-approved training and demonstrate competency in engine operations and safety procedures.
What are the requirements for aircraft nationality and registration marks?
Marks must be clearly displayed on the aircraft, conforming to CASA and international standards for identification.
What is an identification plate, and why is it important?
It is a permanent, fireproof plate displaying critical aircraft information like the manufacturer and serial number.
How does CASA regulate safety signs and placards on aircraft?
They must comply with safety standards, providing clear warnings and operational instructions for crews and passengers.
Why is human factors training critical in aviation maintenance?
It improves safety by addressing behavioral, cognitive, and communication challenges in maintenance activities.
What is a Continuing Airworthiness Manager’s role in CAMOs?
They oversee maintenance programs, ensure compliance with airworthiness directives, and manage defect rectification processes.
How does CASA evaluate the effectiveness of OJT (On-the-Job Training)?
By reviewing training records, assessing task competency, and ensuring alignment with regulatory standards.
What is the Annual Airworthiness Review, and what does it involve?
It is a mandatory process under Part 42, including a records review and physical inspection to confirm an aircraft’s airworthiness.
How are Master Minimum Equipment Lists (MMEL) utilized?
MMELs provide guidance on the minimum equipment required for safe operation, allowing for specific equipment to be inoperative under certain conditions.
How are Master Minimum Equipment Lists (MMEL) utilized?
They serve as a template for operators to develop aircraft-specific MELs, approved by CASA for operational use.
What is the primary responsibility of a CAMO under Part 42?
To ensure continuous airworthiness through maintenance planning, record-keeping, and defect rectification oversight.
What are the storage facility requirements for an AMO?
AMOs must provide secure, environmentally controlled storage to protect aeronautical products and parts.
What is the role of the Safety Manager in an AMO?
To implement and monitor the organization’s Safety Management System, ensuring compliance and risk management.
How does CASA oversee AMO compliance with Part 145?
Through audits, inspections, and evaluations of manuals, procedures, and operational practices.
How does CASA enforce maintenance-related offenses?
CASA can issue penalties, suspend licenses, or revoke authorizations for non-compliance or unsafe practices.
What is the procedure for amending CASRs?
Amendments require parliamentary approval and consultation with stakeholders to ensure alignment with safety and operational needs.
What is the relationship between the CARs and CASRs?
CARs are the older regulatory framework, while CASRs are modernized regulations written in simpler language to align with international standards.
How is type training aligned with Part 66 licensing?
It combines theoretical and practical components specific to an aircraft type, ensuring competency for type-rated maintenance.
What are the privileges of a Category B1.1 license?
Maintenance and certification of mechanical systems, structures, powerplants, and simple avionics tasks on turbine-engine aeroplanes.
What distinguishes a Category B2 license from a B1 license?
A B2 license focuses on avionics and electrical systems, while B1 includes mechanical and structural systems.
What are the CASA requirements for taxiing an aircraft?
Personnel must hold proper authorization and training to taxi aircraft safely under approved operational procedures.
What is an Extended Diversion Time Operations (EDTO) maintenance program?
It ensures the reliability of aircraft operating on routes beyond the range of alternate airports, with additional maintenance checks.
Describe the process of defect reporting for major failures.
It involves notifying CASA immediately, investigating the issue, and implementing corrective actions to restore airworthiness.
What is the purpose of the Civil Aviation Act 1988?
To establish the legal framework for regulating civil aviation in Australia, ensuring compliance with international standards.
How does the Air Navigation Act 1920 relate to the Chicago Convention?
It incorporates international aviation standards set by the Chicago Convention into Australian law.
What is CASA’s role in aviation safety?
CASA regulates and monitors aviation safety, issues licenses and certifications, and enforces compliance with civil aviation laws.
How does CASA evaluate competency for license applicants?
Through exams, practical assessments, and verification of documented experience to ensure applicants meet regulatory requirements.
