basic Flashcards
What led to increased migration to the West?
the Gold Rush, the Homestead Act, and the promise of land and opportunity
What were the economic impacts of expansion?
Increased agricultural production, development of railroads, and growth of markets contributed to a booming economy
How did expansion impact demographics, especially American Indians?
Displacement of Native Americans, loss of land, and cultural assimilation occurred through policies like the Dawes Act
How did farmers adapt to changes in technology, federal policies, and monopolistic practices?
Farmers adopted new machinery, formed cooperatives, and pushed for regulatory policies against monopolies like railroads
What economic changes and continuities existed in the South after the Civil War?
The South shifted from plantation agriculture to diversified economies while still relying on sharecropping and tenant farming
What was the political and social context of the South?
The rise of Jim Crow laws and white supremacy movements, alongside economic struggles and efforts at Reconstruction
What factors fueled the rise of industry?
Abundant natural resources, technological innovations, and a growing labor force due to immigration contributed to industrial growth
What were the effects of industrialization?
Urbanization, changes in labor conditions, and the emergence of a consumer culture marked the industrial age
How did labor respond to changing economic conditions?
Labor unions formed, strikes increased, and there was a push for better wages and working conditions
What push and pull factors influenced migration patterns?
Push factors included poverty and political unrest; pull factors included economic opportunities and the promise of freedom
What were the experiences of “new immigrants” in urban areas?
New immigrants faced nativism, crowded living conditions, and challenges in assimilation but also found community and job opportunities
What political and social philosophies emerged around immigration?
Nativism, social Darwinism, and reformist ideologies advocating for rights and integration emerged during this period
How did the growing middle class respond to Gilded Age changes?
The middle class sought social reforms, supported labor rights, and participated in movements like Progressivism to address inequality
How did Americans address social, economic, and political controversies?
Through the formation of reform organizations, advocacy for legislation, and grassroots movements targeting issues like corruption and labor rights
