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SPI > Basic > Flashcards

Basic Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sound ?

A

Is the type of wave that carries energy from one place to another

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2
Q

What makes a sound wave?

A

Compression and rarefactions

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3
Q

Describe compression

A

Compression: Increase pressure and Density

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4
Q

Describe rarefaction

A

Low pressure and density

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5
Q

What type of wave is sound ?

A

Mechanical, Longitudinal wave

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6
Q

How does sound travel?

A

Straight line

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7
Q

How do you identify a sound wave ?

A

With three acoustic variable.

Distance, pressure and density

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8
Q

What is pressure? And units

A

Concentration of force within an area

Force/ area. pascals

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9
Q

What is density and its units?

A

Concentration of mass within a volume

Kg/cm3

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10
Q

what is distance, and its units

A

Cm, feet ,

Miles

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11
Q

Identify the 7 parameters

A

Period
frequency Wavelength

Amplitud
Power
Intensity Speed

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12
Q

What is period ?

A

The time required to complete one cycle

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13
Q

What is frequency? And its units

A

Number of certain events that occur in a particular time duration. Units hertz

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14
Q

What does frequency affects?

A

Penetration and axial resolution (image quality)

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15
Q

Describe the 3 type of sound

A

Audible- 20hz-20,000hz
Ultrasound greater 20,000hz
Infrasound lower than 20hz

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16
Q

How is period and frequency related ?

A

Lower frequency…. Longer period or wavelength

Higher frequency… shorter wavelength

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17
Q

What are the 3 bigness parameters to describe a sound beam’s strength?

Hint: since they are 3 bigness parameters they have the same characteristic

A

Amplitude- the difference between the average value and maximum value of acoustic variable- all of the acoustic variable

power- the rate of energy transfer. Watts

Intensity- the concentration of energy in a sound beam unit watts/cm2

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18
Q

What is the relationship between power and amplitude?

A

Power is proportional to the wave’s amplitude squared

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19
Q

What is a wavelength ? And how do you find it ?

A

Distance of a cycle

Propagation speed/ frequency

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20
Q

What is the wavelength in soft tissue when the frequency is 2Mhz

A

Wavelength =1.54/frequency

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21
Q

What is propagation speed?

A

The speed that sound travel through a medium

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22
Q 
The power in a beam is 1watt and area is 5cm2, what is the beam intensity? 
A) 5w/cm2 
B) 1W/cm2
C) 0.2W/cm2
D)1watt
A

C

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23
Q 
If intensity remain the same while the power is doubled, what happens to beams area? 
A) quadrupled
B) doubled 
C) halved
Unchanged
A

B

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24
Q

A sound beam travels a total of 10cm in 2 sec. What is the speed of the sound in this medium ?

A

5cm/sec

25
Q

(T or F) Speed increases as frequency increases.

A

False… frequency increases, speed decreases

26
Q

What happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus increases?

A

It increases or goes faster

Stiffness and Speed ( s&s) faster

27
Q

The effects of ultrasound upon tissue are called

A

Bioeffects

28
Q

Which of the following waves Will have the shortest wavelength ?
A) low frequency traveling in a fast medium
B) low frequency traveling in a slow medium
C) high frequency traveling in a fast medium
D) high frequency traveling in a slow medium

A

D

29
Q 
Which of the following characteristics will create the fastest speed of sound? 
A) high Density, High Stiffness
B) Low Density, high stiffness
C) High Density, Low stiffness
D) Low Density, Low Stiffness
A

B

30
Q 
Which of the following waves is ultrasonic and least useful in diagnostic imaging ? 
A) 8mhz 
B)2.5mhz
C)18,000hz
D)24,000hz
E)3,000,000 hz
A

D

31
Q 
Which of the following waves is ultrasonic and most useful in diagnostic imaging? 
A) 2,455,000 hz 
B)100 mhz 
C) 2.4khz
D)14,000hz
A

A

32
Q 
Which of the following waves has the longest wavelength? 
A) low frequency
B) low amplitude
C) high frequency
D) high intensity
A

A

33
Q

(T or F) if the power of a wave is halved, the intensity is reduced to one fourth its original value

A

F

34
Q

If the frequency of sound is double ? What happens to the wavelength?

A

Halved

35
Q

What is continuous wave used for ?

A

Only for doppler

36
Q

What is a pulse ?

A

Is a collection of cycles that travel together

37
Q

What are the two components of a pulse wave ?

A

On time and off time

38
Q

What are the five parameters that describe a pulsed sound ?

A

Pulse duration Spatial pulse length

Pulse repetition period
Pulse repetition frequency
Duty factor

39
Q

What is pulse duration ?

A

The actual time that the pulse is on

40
Q

What is spatial pulse length ?

A

The distance that the entire pulse occupies in space( talking only)

41
Q

What is Pulse Repetition period?

A

Its the time from start of one pulse to the the start of the next. On and off time

42
Q

How is depth and PRP related?

A

Directly…. The more talking

Example: the more prp the more length

43
Q

What type of resolution provides narrow beam?

A

Lateral

44
Q

B-scan is what type of scan

A

2-D

45
Q

How is sector shaped

A

Scan lines spread apart creating gaps at a greater depths

46
Q

What is a array trands?

A

1 crystal cut in different pieces called elements

47
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of 1 1/2 dimensional array?
A) good axial reso
B) Reduced slice thickness
C) ability to focus in the lateral plane
D) can make large images

A

B)Reduced slice thickness

48
Q

T or f mechanical scanning produces scan lines that separate or diverge with greater depth

A

True

49
Q

T or F there are many active elements firing at almost the same time in mechanical scanner

A

False

50
Q

T or F linear arrays create sound beams that are parallel and remail evenly spaced at all depths

A

True

51
Q

The firing pattern that steers a beam left or right relates to

A

Slope

52
Q

The firing pattern that focus an ultrasound beam relates to

A

Curvature

53
Q

T or F there are large time delays in the firing pattern of a phased array transducer

A

False

54
Q

T or F a machone that display a-mode and 2d imaging is called duplex scanner

A

False

55
Q

Which of the following best describe the sound beam of an annular phased array transducer?

A

Mechanically steer and electronically focused

56
Q

The firing delay patters of a linear phased array transducer

A

Focus the sound beam during transmission

57
Q

What is a typical value for the electrical signal delays in a convex phased array trans?

A

10 nanosecond 0.00000001

58
Q 
Which trans creates a beam that is focused in all planes and all depths? 
A) annular phased array 
B) linear phased array 
C) convex phased array 
D) vector array
E) 2d array
A

A) annular phased array

SPI (3 decks)

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