Based on antibiotic module Flashcards
Is penicillin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bactericidal - stop cross linking of peptidoglycan of cell wall
What is penicillin used to treat?
Group A Strep (Strep. pyogenes)
Give a side effect of penicillin
anaphylaxis
What does flucloxacillin treat?
Gram positive organisms esp Staph aures
Is vancomycin a penicillin?
No it is a glycopeptide
Does amoxicillin treat gram positive or gram negative organisms?
Both
Used to treat E. coli
What can vancomycin treat that most other antibiotics cannot treat?
MRSA
Give 2 side effects of vancomycin?
Red man syndrome (allergy)
nephrotoxic
What is co-amoxiclav made of?
amoxicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitor
What is co-amoxiclav used to treat?
Severe CAP
Are cephalosporins broad spectrum?
Yes
Give an example of a cephalosporin and what it treats
Ceftriaxone - meningitis & ghonorrhoea & epiglottitis
How does metronidazole exert it’s bactericidal action?
causes strand breakage of bacterial DNA
What is metronidazole used to treat?
infections caused by “true anaerobes” - C. diff and Bacteroides
some protozoal infections - Giardia and Amobiasis
Can metronidazole be used in pregnancy?
Yes but should be avoided in the 1st trimester
What is cotrimoxazole made of?
trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole
Is cotrimoxazole bacteriostatic?
Yes, it inhibits folic acid synthesis
What can cotrimoxazole treat?
Gram pos and gram neg organisms
Will treat Staph. aureus but not pseudomonas
Are fluroquinolones bacteristatic?
No, bactericidal
Do fluroquinolones treat gram pos or gram neg?
Both
Give examples of fluroquinolones and what they are used for
Ciprofloxacin - complicated UTIs and oral treatment for Pseudomonas
Levofloxacin - severe CAP in penicillin allergic patients
Are macrolides bacteriostatic? How?
Yes, inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome
What kind of antibiotic is clarithromycin and what is it used to treat?
Macrolide
treats severe CAP
Azithromycin is a macrolide. What is it used to treat?
Chlamydia
Which macrolide is safe in prgenancy?
Erythromycin
What is Gentamicin used to treat?
Coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the problem with gentamicin?
It has a narrow therapeutic index so its levels in the blood need measured frequently
What are the side effects of gentamicin?
nephrotoxic damages CNVIII (deafness and disturbance of balance)
Explain gentamicin’s mode of action.
adheres to the 30S subunits of ribosomes therefore inhibiting protein synthesis and exerting a bactericidal effect
Doxycycline is a tetracyline. What is it used to treat?
skin and soft tissue infections
Mild/mod CAP in penicillin allergic patients
Is doxycycline bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
bacteriostatic
Who is doxycycline not given to?
pregnant women
