Basal Nuclei

Question 1

List the nuclear components of the basal ganglia/nuclei (2½)

Answer 1

Caudate nucleus (½), nucleus accumbens (½), putamen (½), globus pallidus (½), substantia nigra (½)

Question 2

Below is a depiction of a horizontal section through the basal nuclei of the brain. Label the features indicated (½ each = 6)

Answer 2

1. Lateral ventricle; 2. Extreme capsule; 3. Insula; 4. Lentiform nucleus; 5. Thalamus; 6. Caudate nucleus; 7. Internal capsule; 8. Putamen; 9. Globus pallidus; 10. Third ventricle; 12. Claustrum

Question 3

Describe the location, inputs and outputs (functions) of the reticular activating system and briefly describe why it is particularly vulnerable. May include a diagram in your answer (8)

Answer 3

Reticular formations in pons and medulla.

Inputs: Special senses (vision, hearing). Output - thalamic nuclei - project to rest of cortex - regulate sleep/wakefulness/attentiveness. Muscle tone, HR, breathing, reflexes

Location in hindbrain - herniation with raised ICP - compression/rupture of blood vessels.