Basal Ganglia Pathology

Question 1

Slow, involuntary, writhing, twisting, “wormlike” movements; frequently greater involvement in distal UEs

Answer 1

Athetosis

Question 2

Decreased amplitude and velocity of voluntary movement

Answer 2

Bradykinesia

Question 3

Involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements involving multiple joints; most apparent in UEs

Answer 3

Chorea

Question 4

Movement disorder with features of both chorea and athetosis

Answer 4

Choreoathetosis

Question 5

Sustained involuntary contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles

Answer 5

Dystopia (dystonic movements)

Question 6

Large-amplitude sudden, violent, flailing motions of the arm and leg of one side of the body

Answer 6

Hemiballismus

Question 7

Abnormally increased muscle activity or movement

Answer 7

Hyperkinesis

Question 8

Decreased motor response especially to a specific stimulus

Answer 8

Hypokinesis

Question 9

Increase in muscle tone causing greater resistance to passive movement; greater in flexor muscles

Answer 9

Rigidity

Question 10

Uniform, constant resistance as limb is moved

Answer 10

Lead-pipe rigidity

Question 11

Series of brief relaxations or “catches” as limb is passively moved

Answer 11

Cogwheel rigidity

Question 12

Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movement observed at rest

Answer 12

Tremor (resting)

Question 13

Inability to initiate movement; associated with fixed postures

Answer 13

Akinesia