Basal Ganglia Function Flashcards
Aerobic aids in
Overall increase in brain health
Gets rid of neuro toxins
Angiogenesis
Goal directed aids in
experience dependent neuroplasticity
Figure 3 from the article
LOOK AT IT :)
Fisher study - High intensity TT, Low intensity TT and No intensity (education) - results showed
bx changes
participants in the high intensity TT achieved longer stride lengths and greater amplitude (reduced hypokinesia) of motion at hip and ankle
Fisher study - High intensity TT group
therapists were there 100% of the time and provided feedback so could make an argument that this was a combination - this was essentially a goal based/functional training - NOT a rote TT
Fisher study - High intensity TT group - MET criteria per session
overall goal by end of 24 sessions to walk continuously 45 minutes with MET higher than 3.0
Fisher study - Low intensity TT group - activities included
6 categories
PROM, AROM, balance, gait, functional/transitional
Fisher study - limitation
time spent walking was not matched among groups
Fisher study - outcomes used
UPDRS
Corticomotor excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation
Fisher study - TMS looked at
brain to periphery processes
TMS pulses to motor cortex, record surface EMG on a contralateral muscle during voluntary isometric contraction
Fisher study - CSP
Cortical silent period
If target muscle is preactivated, delivery to TMS results in CSP (disruption of the EMG) and this CSP represents inhibitory processes
Fisher study - CSP and PD
OD have higher corticomotor (motor cortex) excitability due to loss of inhibition/activation balance
PD patients see shorter CSP times compared to healthy controls
Why do patients with PD have a shorter CSP
They have higher corticomotor excitability - they are looking for any reason to get to threshold - it is a consequence of the reduction or deterioration of the motor circuit
Goal based and aerobic not only benefits bx outcomes but in patients with PD it seems to also
benefit or normalize some of their cortical processes
The CSP increased in duration with the High intensity TT group
Petzinger article
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SMA is what
supplemental motor area
SMA is key for what
planning of internally generated movements
Key for selecting automatic movements
SMA itself seems very responsive to
Movement sequences, especially bimanual movement sequences
Internally generated movement sequences (walking, sit to stand)
In patients with PD what happens with SMA
SMA - BG - Thalamus - SMA - Motor cortex
This is disrupted so you have to bypass this and use the occiptoparietal premotor area (more visual guidance of movement)
SMA and Pre-SMA
Very responsive to visual input and the SMA is responsive to auditory input
So…the SMA is involved in motor AND
auditory processing too!
SMA and Pre-SMA - facilitating
Facilitating motor responses to sound
SMA and Pre-SMA - dual stream framework
Anteroventral - what the sound is
Posterodorsal - where
SMA and Pre-SMA - linking
action and sound!
Auditory imagery activates it too!
What is special about the inferior parietal lobe
It localizes where with both auditory and visual input and sends it back to the SMA
Where is the what for auditory
the primary auditory cortex lives within the superior temporal gyrus and the what (speech, music or whatever the sound is) goes from there to the inferior frontal gyrus to the SMA
