Basal Ganglia Flashcards
Which of these is NOT part of the basal ganglia?
- STN
- Globus pallidus
- Thalamus
- Putamen
- Thalamus
Which of these is NOT an input structure of the basal ganglia?
1. Caudate nucleus
2. SNr
3. STN
4. Putamen
- SNr
Which of these are output structures of the basal ganglia? (Multiple answers possible)
1. Striatum
2. Substantia Nigra reticulare (SNr)
3. Globus Pallidus internal (GPi)
4. Globus Pallidus external (GPe)
- SNr
- GPi
Which of these is NOT a basal ganglia pathway?
1. Direct pathway
2. Hyperdirect pathway
3. Semidirect pathway
4. Indirect pathway
- Semidirect pathway
Which of these promotes movement?
1. Direct pathway
2. Hyperdirect pathway
3. Indirect pathway
- Direct pathway
Which of these promotes movement?
1. Direct pathway
2. Hyperdirect pathway
3. Indirect pathway
Which of these is most important for healthy movement?
1. Direct pathway
2. Indirect pathway
3. Hyperdirect pathway
4. None (all are essential)
- None (all are essential)
Which of these are types of movement disorder? (Multiple answers possible)
1. Hyperkinetic disorders
2. Hypokinetic disorders
3. Dystonia
- Hyperkinetic disorders
- Hypokinetic disorders
- Dystonia
Which of the following is true?
1. Neurodegeneration of dSPNs leads to the imbalance of direct and indirect pathway activity in Parkinson’s disease
2. Loss of dopaminergic modulation of dSPNs and iSPNs leads to the imbalance of BG pathways in Parkinson’s disease
3. Reduced dopaminergic input to iSPNs leads to the imbalance of BG pathways in Huntington’s disease
- Loss of dopaminergic modulation of dSPNs and iSPNs leads to the imbalance of BG pathways in Parkinson’s disease
What are the relationships of activity between pathways in Parkinson disease?
1. Direct pathway > indirect pathway
2. Indirect pathway > direct pathway
3. Direct pathway == indirect pathway; hyperdirect pathway
activity increased
- Indirect pathway > direct pathway
