BAS

Question 1

When is the best time for clients to measure

their resting heart rate?

Answer 1

Upon waking in the morning

Question 2

Name two common tests for assessing

cardiorespiratory efficiency.

Answer 2

YMCA 3
Minute Step Test
and
Rockport Walk Test

Question 3

What are three methods of assessing body

fat percentage?

Answer 3

Underwater weighing,
bioelectrical impedance, and
skin-fold measurements

Question 4

What do you call measurable data regarding
a client’s physical state, such as body
composition, movement assessments, and
cardiorespiratory ability?

Answer 4

Objective information

Question 5

What is the BMI range for a person who has a

very high risk of disease?

Answer 5

35.0 - 39.99

Question 6

What are the two main calf muscles that are
responsible for concentrically accelerating
plantar flexion

Answer 6

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 7

Name the muscle that is responsible for
concentrically accelerating hip extension and
external rotation.

Answer 7

Gluteus maximus

Question 8

What do you call information gathered from
a client that includes their occupation,
lifestyle, and medical background

Answer 8

Subjective information

Question 9

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are the probable overactive muscles when
the feet turn out?”

Answer 9

Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, and biceps

femoris (short head)

Question 10

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what

are the probable overactive muscles when the knees move inward?

Answer 10

Adductor complex, biceps femoris (short

head), tensor fascia latae, vastus lateralis

Question 11

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are the probable overactive muscles when
there is an excessive forward lean?

Answer 11

Soleus, gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex,

abdominal complex

Question 12

Name the class of medication that decreases 
heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 12

Beta-blockers

Question 13

What is an indicator that a female client’s
ankle complex will be in a plantar
flexed position for extended periods of time based
on occupation?”

Answer 13

Wearing dress shoes (high heels)

Question 14

Name three postural distortion patterns that
might be seen during a static postural
assessment.”

Answer 14

Pronation distortion syndrome, lower

crossed syndrome, upper crossed syndrome

Question 15

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are the probable overactive muscles when
the low back arches?”

Answer 15

Hip flexor complex, erector spinae, and

latissimus dorsi

Question 16

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are the probable overactive muscles when
the client’s arms fall forward?”

Answer 16

Latissimus dorsi, teres major, and

pectoralis major/minor

Question 17

During a Pushing assessment, what are the
probable overactive muscles when a client’s
shoulders elevate and/or the head moves
forward?”

Answer 17

Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

, and levator scapulae

Question 18

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are the probable underactive muscles if a
client’s feet turn out?”

Answer 18

Medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring

complex, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 19

What are the probable underactive muscles
when a client’s arms fall forward during an
Overhead Squat Assessment?”

Answer 19

Middle/lower trapezius, rhomboids, and

rotator cuff

Question 20

What are the probable underactive muscles
when a client’s knees move inward during an
Overhead Squat Assessment?”

Answer 20

Gluteus medius/maximus, and vastus medialis oblique

Question 21

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are the probable underactive muscles when a
client shows an excessive forward lean?”

Answer 21

Anterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, and

erector spinae

Question 22

During an Overhead Squat assessment, what
are theprobable underactive muscles when a
client’s low back arches?

Answer 22

Gluteus maximus, hamstring complex, and

intrinsic core stabilizers

Question 23

During a Pushing assessment, what are the
probable underactive muscles when a client’s
shoulders elevate?”

Answer 23

Middle/ lower trapezius

Question 24

During a Pushing assessment, what are the
probable underactive muscles when a client’s
head protrudes forward?

Answer 24

Deep cervical flexors

Question 25

After assessing a client’s Overhead Squat, which muscles should you have them foam roll and stretch?

Answer 25

Overactive muscles

Question 26

After assessing a client’s Overhead Squat, which muscles should you have them strengthen?

Answer 26

Underactive muscles

Question 27

Name the assessment that measures lower | extremity agility and neuromuscular control.

Answer 27

Shark Skill Test

Question 28

Name 2 conditions in which Beta-blockers might be prescribed.

Answer 28

High blood pressure and arrhythmias

Question 29

What muscle action develops tension while lengthening and prevents resistance from accelerating in an uncontrolled manner?

Answer 29

Eccentric

Question 30

Name the imaginary bisector that divides the | body into right and left halves.

Answer 30

Sagittal plane

Question 31

This movement primarily occurs from side to side, as if there were a wall in front of and behind the body."

Answer 31

Frontal plane movements

Question 32

Name the energy storage and transfer unit | within the cells of the body.

Answer 32

Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP

Question 33

What is the starting zone of cardiorespiratory training when a client scores poor during the YMCA 3-Minute Step Test?

Answer 33

Zone one

Question 34

What is the starting zone of cardiorespiratory training when a client scores average on the YMCA 3-Minute Step Test?

Answer 34

Zone two

Question 35

What information can be provided to the health and fitness professional by knowing the client's occupation?

Answer 35

Common movement patterns

Question 36

What relevant information can you learn about a client based on their occupation and movement capacity?

Answer 36

Extended periods of sitting, repetitive | movements, dress shoes, mental stress

Question 37

Which muscles have decreased neural | control once a client has had an ankle sprain?

Answer 37

Gluteus maximus and gluteus medius

Question 38

What muscle action develops when a muscle exerts more force than is placed on it, resulting in the shortening of the muscle?

Answer 38

Concentric

Question 39

This chamber of the heart gathers oxygenated blood coming to the heart from the lungs.

Answer 39

Left atrium

Question 40

Give the straight percentage method | equation for calculating a client’s target heart rate.

Answer 40

(220-client’s age) x desired intensity

Question 41

Name the muscles involved in respiratory | inspiration.

Answer 41

Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, | sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor

Question 42

What are three guidelines for the health and fitness professional when taking the radial pulse of a client?

Answer 42

Touch should be gentle, take the pulse when the client is calm, take the pulse over the course of 3 days (at the same time each day) and average the results to ensure accuracy

Question 43

Name the functional unit of the muscle that lies in the space between two Z lines. It produces muscular contraction and is formed by repeating sections of actin and myosin.

Answer 43

Sarcomere

Question 44

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Answer 44

Biomechanics

Question 45

The heart rate training zone between 65 to 75% that builds an aerobic base and aids in recovery.

Answer 45

Zone 1

Question 46

he heart rate training zone between 76 to 85% that increases both aerobic and anaerobic endurance.

Answer 46

Zone 2

Question 47

The heart rate training zone between 86 to | 95% that builds high-end work capacity.

Answer 47

Zone 3

Question 48

Represents the pressure within the arterial | system after the heart contracts.

Answer 48

Systolic blood pressure

Question 49

Represents the pressure within the arterial system when the heart is resting and filling with blood.

Answer 49

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 50

The method of measuring body fat percentages that conducts an electrical current through the body to measure fat .

Answer 50

Bioelectrical impedance

Question 51

What are the four skin-fold sites tested when using the Durnin-Womersley formula for body fat assessment?

Answer 51

Biceps, triceps, subscapular, and iliac crest

Question 52

What is the waist-to-hip ratio for males and females that puts them at a greater risk for disease?

Answer 52

A ratio greater than 0.95 for males and | greater than 0.80 for females

Question 53

Muscles that assist the prime movers.

Answer 53

Synergists

Question 54

Risk for disease increases when an | overweight person's BMI level is____.

Answer 54

25 or greater

Question 55

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing | distortion in body tissues.

Answer 55

Mechanoreceptors

Question 56

What is the amount of time recovery pulse is taken after completing the YMCA 3-Minute Step Test?

Answer 56

Within 5 seconds of completing the exercise, | take the client’s pulse for 60 seconds

Question 57

What is the level that a client is instructed to squat to when performing the Overhead Squat assessment?

Answer 57

Height of a chair

Question 58

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of | the muscle and the rate of that change.

Answer 58

Golgi tendon organs

Question 59

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the | muscle and the rate of that change

Answer 59

Muscle Spindles

Question 60

On which clients should health and fitness professionals avoid the use of skin-fold calipers to measure body fat?

Answer 60

Very overweight clients

Question 61

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Answer 61

Length-tension relationship

Question 62

What is the functional unit of the nervous | system?

Answer 62

Neuron

Question 63

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.

Answer 63

Synergistic dominance

Question 64

The process in which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.

Answer 64

Autogenic inhibition

Question 65

Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the lateral view.

Answer 65

Low back arches, excessive forward lean, and | arms fall forward

Question 66

Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the anterior view.

Answer 66

Feet turn out and knees move inward

Question 67

Name some of the benefits of circumference | measurements.

Answer 67

Can be used on obese clients, good for comparisons and progressions, good for assessing fat patterns and distribution, inexpensive, easy to record

Question 68

Name the systems of the human movement | system (kinetic chain).

Answer 68

Nervous system, muscular system, skeletal | system

Question 69

Name the agonist, synergist, stabilizer, and antagonist muscles activated during a squat exercise.

Answer 69

Agonists: Gluteus maximus, quadriceps; Synergists: Hamstring complex; Stabilizer: Transversus abdominis; Antagonist: Psoas

Question 70

The involved structures and mechanisms that the nervous system uses to gather sensory information and integrate it with previous experiences to produce a motor response.

Answer 70

Motor control

Question 71

What are some primary causes of muscle | imbalance?

Answer 71

Postural stress, emotional duress, repetitive movement, cumulative trauma, poor training technique

Question 72

Feedback used after the completion of a movement to help inform clients about the outcome of their performance.

Answer 72

Knowledge of results

Question 73

The energy pathway used in moderate to high intensity activities that can only be sustained for 30 to 50 seconds.

Answer 73

Glycolysis

Question 74

Repeated practice of motor control processes, which leads to a change in the ability to produce skilled movements.

Answer 74

Motor learning

Question 75

What are possible injuries associated with | lower crossed syndrome?

Answer 75

Hamstring complex strain, anterior knee | pain, and low back pain

Question 76

Name movement compensations observed | during a Pushing assessment.

Answer 76

Low back arches, shoulder elevates, head | migrates forward

Question 77

When assessing a client during a Single-leg Squat, from which vantage point should you view the client?

Answer 77

Anterior

Question 78

Which muscle synergies (muscle groups) are | primarily used in a Shoulder Press?

Answer 78

Deltoid, rotator cuff, trapezius

Question 79

The name of the receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration in the joint.

Answer 79

Joint receptors

Question 80

Altered reciprocal inhibition, synergistic dominance, and arthrokinetic dysfunction all lead to this.

Answer 80

Muscle imbalance

Question 81

The ability of the neuromuscular system to properly recruit muscles to produce force concentrically, reduce force eccentrically, and isometrically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.

Answer 81

Neuromuscular efficiency

Question 82

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia, and surrounds the muscle.

Answer 82

Epimysium

Question 83

What are the three support mechanisms of | blood?

Answer 83

Transportation, regulation and protection

Question 84

The Davies test is contraindicated for which | group of people?

Answer 84

Individuals lacking shoulder stability

Question 85

What muscle is responsible for concentrically accelerating shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation?

Answer 85

Latissimus dorsi

Question 86

Name possible injuries associated with | pronation distortion syndrome.

Answer 86

Plantar fasciitis, shin splints, patellar tendonitis, | low back pain

Question 87

Name the altered joint mechanics associated | with lower crossed syndrome.

Answer 87

Increased lumbar extension and decreased | hip extension

Question 88

Which muscles would be lengthened in a | client with upper crossed syndrome?

Answer 88

Deep cervical flexors, serratus anterior, rhomboids, mid-trapezius, lower trapezius, teres minor, and infraspinatus

Question 89

What are the altered joint mechanics associated with pronation distortion syndrome?

Answer 89

``` Increased: Knee adduction and internal rotation, foot pronation and external rotation; Decreased: Ankle dorsiflexion and inversion ```

Question 90

Name the lengthened muscles associated | with lower crossed syndrome.

Answer 90

Anterior tibialis, posterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, transversus abdominis, and internal oblique

Question 91

Average stroke volume of an adult.

Answer 91

70 mL

Question 92

Name two abdominal muscles used for trunk | rotation.

Answer 92

Internal and external obliques

Question 93

Name five performance assessment tests

Answer 93

Davies Test, Shark Skill Test, Push-up Test, Upper Extremity Strength Assessment, Lower Extremity Strength Assessment

Question 94

What positional guidelines do you give a client who is setting up for an Overhead Squat assessment?

Answer 94

``` Feet shoulder-width apart and pointed straight ahead; foot and ankle complex in a neutral position; arms raised overhead, with elbows fully extended ```

Question 95

What regressions could you make for clients | who are unable to perform a Single-leg Squat assessment?

Answer 95

Use outside support for squatting assistance | or perform a Single-leg Balance without squat

Question 96

A force that produces rotation.

Answer 96

Torque

Question 97

Movement of the bones around the joints.

Answer 97

Rotary motion

Question 98

Name possible injuries associated with upper | crossed syndrome.

Answer 98

Headaches, bicep tendonitis, rotator cuff | impingement, and thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 99

Name the short muscles associated with | lower crossed syndrome.

Answer 99

Gastrocnemius, soleus, hip flexor complex, adductors, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae

Question 100

Compensations observed during the Overhead Squat assessment from the lateral view.

Answer 100

Low back arches, excessive forward lean, | arms fall forward