Barrons AP United States History Flash cards
Amerigo Vespucci
Italian member of a Portuguese expo, explored South America.
His discovery suggested that the expo had found a “New World”.
Christopher Columbus
Italian-born navigator who founded fame when he landed in America( October 12,1492).
Set sail on behalf of Spain, he sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean to find water route to Asia.
Columbus believe he had found waterway to Asia and that america was just extended of china.
Returned from his expedition with gold, encouraging future exploration.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Commitment between Spain and Portugal.
Split the New World, East of line belongs to Portugal( also got brazil when it discovered it in 1500)and West is Spain.
Later papal line affected colonization in Africa and Asia
New Spain
Date 1400s-1500s
Spain controlled empire in the New World.
Mainly in North and Central America,including Caribbean and Spanish East Indies.
To cope with labor shortages Spaniards used the natives.
When Natives died Spaniards used African Americans.
Mercantilism
Date 1500s - 1600s
Economic Philosophy that colonies existed to serve the mother country.
Founded on the belief that the worlds wealth was sharply limited and, therefore one nations gain was another nations loss.
Each nations goal to export more than it imported in a balanced trade; the difference would be made up in their possessions of gold and silver, which would make the nation strong economically and militarily.
Economic activity should be regulated by gov.
Queen Elizabeth I
Protestant successor to Queen Mary (UK).
Popular leader and first women to successfully hold the throne.
Invested in english raids on the Spanish new world; Spain responds w/ Spanish Armada.
The Spanish Armada
Fleet assembled by King Philip II of Spain to invade England.
Armada defeated by the British military leaders, and by rough seas during the assault.
This defeat showed British emerging sea power.
Its defeat declined Spanish Empire.
Types of Colonies in the New world
In a charter colony, colonists members of corporation, and electors among the colonists controlled gov based/agreed upon charter.
Proprietary colonies were owned by individual with direct responsibility to the king; each proprietor selected a governor, who served as authority figure for colony.
English Puritanism
Date 1500s and 1600s
Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be more in line with their ideology.
Puritans rejected these Roman Catholic holdovers and sought to make the English Church “pure”.
Puritans held Calvinist beliefs.
Puritanism echoes throughout American culture in the ideas of self-reliance, moral fortitude, and emphasis on intellectualism.
Joint-Stock Company
A type if business structure used by some colonial explorers to raise money for their expeditions.
These privates trading companies sold shares to investors who provided start-up funding.
In return for taking on this risk of the investment, investors were paid based on the profits of the expedition.
Dutch West India Company
The joint-stock company that ran the colonies in Fort Orange and in New Amsterdam, which late became NY.
Profitable fur trade w/NA Iroquois
Instituted patroon system, large estates given to wealthy men who transport at least 50 families to New Netherland to tend land.
Sir Walter Raleigh
Date 1587
Selected Roanoke Island as a site for the first English settlement.
Went to England to get supplies on return colony gone and settlers.
Abdonded his attempts to colonize Virginia.
Held back b/c of financial resources and war in soan costed $$$$$$.
St.Augustine, Florida
French Protestants (huguenots) went to the New World to freely practice their religion, and formed a colony there.
Spain which oversaw florida reacted violently to the Huguenots b/c they were trespassers& were no catholic.
Spain massacres the forts inhabitants.
This settlement considered to be the first european in US.
Jamestown
James I granted charters for charter in colonies in the New World.
1607 Virginia Company of London settled Jamestown, 1st english permanent settlement.
Swampy location led to disease and contaminated water sources.
John Smith harsh leadership kept it from collapsing.
Starving Time
A period of starvation endured by Jamestown colonists.
The colonists depended upon trade with the local NA for food supplies.
Conflicts with NA limited trade for colonists.
Large number died and others try to escape but boats of supplies stopped them.
Additional support from England development of new industries help ensure long term survival.
Indentured Servitude
Workers in England received immigration passage and fees in return for a number of years at labor on behalf of a planter or company.
Voluntarily and servants had little control over condition of work and living arrangements.
John Rolfe
English colonists in Jamestown, Virginia.
Married Pocahontas
Created a process for curing tobacco, ensuring economic success for jamestown.
House of Burgesses
Date 1619
Representative assembly in Virginia
Only men with land (white) could vote
1st representative house in America
Instituted private ownership of land but maintained the rights of the colonists.
Headright System
System used by Virginia Company to attract colonists.
Promised them parcels of land to immigrate to America.
Gave 50 acres for each servant that a colonist brought, allowing the wealthy to obtain large tracts of land.
System solidified the use of indentured servants for time being.
The Separatists and Plymouth
Separatists were Puritans who believed the Church of England was beyond saving and felt that they must break away.
Members of the group traveled on the Mayflower and became known as the Pilgrims, a term used for voyagers seeking to fulfill a religious mission.
Mayflower landed in Plymouth, Mass
Before landing pilgrims formed Mayflower Compact which provided for a gov guided by majority.
William Bradford 1st governor.
Maryland
1st proprietary colony to serve as a refuge for English Catholics.
Act of Toleration in 1649 guaranteed religious freedom to all christians in the colony.
Anne Hutchinson
Leadership Of New England accused her of antinomian teachings ( belief that salvation is attained through faith and divine grace and not strict adherence to rules or moral laws
She was banished and found Rhode Island
Roger Williams and Rhode Island
Puritan preacher who fled Mass after his views on religious observance became to extreme.
Bought land from NA and founded providence.
Complete religious toleration
Populated by exiles and troublemakers
English Civil War
Conflict based in struggle between King Charles l and english parliament.
Charles claimed to be divine rule; Parliament argued it had right separate from those granted to the king.
Parliaments victory led to execution of Charles l and exile of his son.
English monarchy replace with Commonwealth of England.
Quakers
Believed human religious institutions were largely unnecessary
Could receive revelation from god
Opposed slavery and favored decent treatment of Native Americans.
William Penn
Founded Pennsylvania
Granted representative assembly and full religious freedom.
Settlers all flocked to Penn
Black Slaves in the 1600s
Same level as indentured servants
Began to be looked as life long property.
John Locke and Natural Law
Believed in life, liberty, property not protected, government could be overthrown justly.
Ideas would later influence Ben Franklin, Thomas Jeff, Dec of Ind.
Triangular Trade
Between Africa, Asia, Europe ( exchange goods, diseases slaves etc)
Merchants sold slave in Caribbean for suga, tobacco, cotton.
Trade
Navigation Acts
Dictated that goods shipped from New World would only be allowed to go to Britain.
Led tensions between Britain and the colonies.
Effects of Navigation Acts
Boosted Prosperity of New Englanders, who engaged in large scale shipbuilding.
Drove down prices of tobacco ( hurt Chesapeake).
Increased prices americans had to pay for British goods and lower prices of american goods.
Bacons Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon was a leader of colonial frontiersmen in Virginia.
Objected rights granted to Virginias rich inner circles and angry that gov no protect Virginia from attacks from NA.
Bacon entered rebellion with aid of British military forces, after this indentured servants out and slave labor in.
