Barron's Flashcards
Abate
v. to decrease; reduce
A new road will most likely abate the heavy traffic on the old bridge.
Abdicate
v. to give up a position, right, or power
Augustus, the last Western Roman Emperor, was forced to abdicate the throne in 476 AD.
Aberrant
adj. deviating from the norm (abberation: n. something different)
Abeyance
n. temporary suppression or suspension
A good judge must hold his or her judgment in abeyance until the facts in a case have been presented.
Abject
adj. miserable; pitiful
Most of the the population in third world countries live in abject poverty.
Abjure
v. to reject; abandon formally
For foreigners to become a US citizen, he or she must take an oath abjuring allegiance to any other country and pledge to take up arms to defined if it required.
Abcission
n. act of cutting; natural separation of leaf or other part of plant
Premature leaf abcission is an adaptive plant response to herbivorous attack.
Abscond
v. to depart secretly
A warrant is out for the arrest of a person believed to have absconded with 3 million dollars.
Abstemious
adj. moderate in appetite
Some research suggests that people with an abstemious lifestyle tend to live longer than people who indulge their appetites.
Abstinence
n. the giving up of certain pleasures
The monk’s vow of abstinence include all intoxicating substances.
Abysmal
adj. very bad
The coach was furious about the team’s absymal performance on the basketball court.
Accretion
n. growth in size; increase in amount
The opening of railway communication with London in 1906 resulted in a considerable accretion of residential population.
Accrue
v. to accumulate; grow by additions
Your money will accrue interest after leaving it in the bank for 12 months.
Adamant
adj. uncompromising; unyielding
Despite widespread opposition to his plan, the party’s leader is adamant that it must move to the center to appeal to moderate voters.
Adjunct
n. something added, attached, or joined
Speed walking, cross-country running, and marathons are normally regarded as adjuncts of track and field athletics since these races are not normally held on a track.
Admonish
v. to caution or reprimand
The judge admonished the jury to discount testimony that had been ruled inadmissible.
Adulterate
v. to corrupt or make impure
If you want to adulterate your alcoholic drink, you should add some water to it.
Aesthetic
adj. relating to beauty or art
The aesthetic of the building was ruined by graffiti.
Affected
adj. pretentious; phony
It has been argued that the emphasis on so-called “proper English” leads to unnatural and affected speech.
Affinity
n. fondness; liking; similarity
The affinity for the fourth oxygen molecule to bind to hemoglobin is approximately 300x higher than that for the first.
Aggrandize
v. to make larger or greater
One of the concerns of the framers of the US constitution was that one branch of government would try to aggrandize itself at the expense of others.
Aggregate
adj. amounting to a whole; total v. to collect into a mass
The aggregate wealth of a country includes private as well as public resources and possessions.
Alacrity
adj. cheerful willingness; eagerness; speed
The football coach was pleased to see the team get to work on the task of improving its tackling skills with alacrity.
Alchemy
n. medieval chemical philosophy based on changing metal into gold; seemingly magical powers; process of transmutation
Alchemy was the forerunner of modern science of chemistry.
Allay
v. to soothe; lessen; ease
Improvments in antivirus software have allayed many people’s fears of having their computers “infected” with malicous software.
Alleviate
v. to reduce or improve partially
Take aspirin to alleviate your headache.
Alloy
n. a combination; mixture of 2 or more metals
Scientists formulate alloyws to create properties that are not possessed by natural metals or other substances.
Allure
n. the power to entice by charm
He found the scent of her perfume to be quite alluring.
Amalgamate
v. to combined into an unified whole
In early 1999, 6 municipalities were amalgamated into an enlarged city of Toronto, Canada.
Ambiguous
adj. unclear; doubful in meaning
Ambrosia
adj. something delicious; food of the Gods
The combination of flavors inthe Moroccan baked eggplant was pure ambrosia.
Ameliorate
v. to improve
Knowing they could not stop the spread of the contagion in a few days, health authorities worked to inhibit its spread and to ameliorate its effects by issuing warnings to the public and initiating immunization programs.
Amenable
adj. agreeable; cooperative; suited
The young writer is amenable to suggestions for improving for prose style to make it more interesting.
Amenity
n. something that increases comfort
Many amenities such as normal plumbing are considered normal and necessary but were considered luxuries a few generations ago.
Amulet
n. ornament worn as a charm against evil spirits
She jerked the amulet off his neck, and the lighting flickered.
Anachronism
n. something out of the proper time
Much of the comedy resolved around such anachronisms, with the 18th century protagonists ofthen using 20th century references and visited by modern-day concerns.
Analgesic
n. medication that reduces or eliminates pain
Aspirin is a powerful analgesic that is effective for alleviating pain, fever, and inflammation.
Analogous
adj. comparable
The psychology researcher’s experiement postulates that the brain is analogous to a digital computer.
Ambivalence
n. state of having conflicting emotional attitudes.
John felt some ambivalence about getting married before finishing college.
Anarchy
n. the absence of government
A city on the brink of total anarchy is bieng held hostage by the increased threat of organized gang violence.
Anodyne
n. something that calms or soothe pain
Some people use alcohol as an anodyne to numb their emotional pain.
Anomalous
adj. irregular; deviating from the norm n. anomaly
The psychologist discounted the anomalous behaviior of the soldier, saying it was merely a short-term effect on the stress of battle.
Antecedent
n. something that comes before; event that happens before another
Homeopathy was an antecedent to modern science.
Antediluvian
adj. prehistoric
Antipathy
n. dislike; hostility
Apathy
n. indifference; lack of feeling
Apex
n. the highest point
Apogee
n. the point in an orbit most distant from the body being orbited; the highest point
Apothegm
n. terse, witty saying
Appease
v. to calm, pacify; placate
Appelation
n. name
Apposite
adj. strikingly appropriate and relevant
Apprise
v. to inform
Approbation
n. approval; praise
Appropriate
v. to take possession for one’s own use; confiscate
Apropos
adj. relevant
Arabesque
n. ornate design featured as intertwined curves; ballet move
Archeology
n. the study of material evidence of past human life
Ardor
n. great emotion or passion
Arduous
adj. extremely difficult; laborious
Argot
n. a specialized vocabulary used by a group
Arrest
v. to stop; seize
Artifact
n. item made by human craft
Artless
adj. guileless; natural; simple; w/o effort
Ascetic
n. someone who practice self-denial
Asperity
n. severity; harshness; irritability
Aspersions
n. slander; false rumor
Assidious
adj. diligent; hardworking
Assuage
v. to make less severe
Astringent
adj. severe, harsh
Asylum
n. place of refugee or shelter
Atavism
n. in biology, the reappearance of a characteristic in an organsim after several generations of absence; return of trait after period of absence
Attenuate
v. to weaken
Audacious
adj. bold; daring
Austere
adj. stern, unadorned; strict in appearance, manner, or attitude.
Autonomous
adj. self-governing; independent
Avarice
n. greed
Aver
v. to affirm; declare to be true
Avocation
n. secondary occupation
Avuncular
adj. like an uncle; benevolent; tolerant
Axiomatic
adj. taken for granted
Bacchanalian
adj. pertaining to riotous or drunken festivity; pertaining to revelry
Banal
n. commonplace; trite
Banter
n. playful conversation
Bard
n. poet
Bawdy
adj. obscene
Beatify
v. to sanctify; to bless; to ascribe a virtue to
Bedizen
v. to dress in showy, vulgar manner
Behemoth
n. huge creature; something very large and powerful
Belie
v. to contradict; misrepresent; give a false impression
Beneficient
adj. kindly; doing good
Bifurcate
v. to divide into two parts
Blandishment
n. flattery
Blasé
adj. bored because of frequent indulgences; unconcerned
Bolster
v. to give a boost to; prop up; support
Bombastic
adj. pompous; using inflated language
Boorish
adj. rude; insensitive
Bovine
adj. cowlike
Brazen
adj. bold; shameless
Broach
v. to mention for the first time
Bucolic
adj. characteristic of the countryside; rustic; pastoral
Burgeon
v. to flourish
Burnish
v. to polish
Buttress
v. to reinforce; support
Cacophonous
adj. unpleasant and harsh-sounding
Cadge
v. to beg; sponge
Callous
adj. thick-skinned; insensitive
Calumny
adj. false and malicious accusation; slander
Canard
n. false, deliberately miserable story
Canon
n. an established principle; a basis or standard for judgment; a group of literary works
Cant
n. insincere talk; language of a particular group
Cantankerous
adj. irritable; ill-humored
Capricious
adj. fickle; impulsive; unpredictable
Captious
adj. fault-finding; intend to entrap, as in an argument
Cardinal
adj. of foremost importance
Carnal
adj. of the flesh or body; relating to physical appetite
Carping
v. to find fault; complain
Cartography
n. the science of making maps
Caste
n. any of the hereditary social classes of Hindu society; social stratification
Castigation
n. punishment; chastisement; criticism
Cataclysm
n. a violent upheaval that causes great destruction and change
Catalyst
n. something causing change
Categorical
adj. absolute; without exception
Caucus
n. a small group within an organization
Causal
adj. involving a cause
Caustic
adj. sarcastically biting; burning
Celestial
adj. concerning the sky or heaven; sublime
Centrifugal
adj. moving away from center
Centripedal
adj. moving or directed towards the center
Champion
v. to defend or support
Chasten
v. to correct by punishment or reproof; to restrain or subdue
Chicanery
n. trickery; fraud
Churlish
adj. rude; boorish
Circuitous
adj. roundabout
Clairvoyant
n. one who can see into the future; psychic
Clamor
n. noisy outcry
Clique
n. a small, exclusive group
Cloister
v. to confine; seclude
Coagulate
v. thicken; congeal
Chivalry
n. the qualities idealized by knighthood such as bravery and gallancy toward woman
Coalesce
v. to cause to become one
Coda
n. concluding part of a literary or musical composition; something that summarizes or concludes
Codify
v. to systematize
Cognizant
adj. informed; conscious; aware
Collage
n. artistic composition of material past over a surface; an assemblage of diverse elements
Commensurate
adj. proportional
Compendium
n. a brief, comprehensive summary
Complacent
adj. self-satisfied
Complaisant
adj. overly polite; willing to please; obliging
Complement
adj. something that completes or makes up a whole
Compliant
adj. yielding
Compunction
adj. uneasiness caused by guilt
Concave
adj. curving inward
Conciliatory
adj. overcoming distrust or hostility
Concoct
v. to invent
Concomitant
adj. existing concurrently
Condone
v. to overlook voluntarily; forgive
Confound
v. to baffle; perplex; mix up
Congenial
adj. similar in taste and habits; friendly; suited to
Conjugal
adj. pertaining to marriage argeement
Connoisseur
n. someone possessing expert knowledge or training; someone of informed and discriminating taste
Conscript
n. someone compulsorily enrolled for military services
Consecrate
v. to declare sacred
Contend
v. to assert
Contentious
adj. quarrelsome; causing quarrel
Contiguous
adj. touching; neighboring; connecting without a break
Continence
adj. self-control; abstention from sexual activity
Contrite
adj. very sorrowful for doing wrong
Contumacious
adj. disobedient; rebellious
Conundrum
adj. riddle; puzzle with no solution
Convention
n. practice widely observed in a group; custom; accepted technique or device
Converge
v. to approach; come together; tend to meet
Convex
adj. curved outward
Convivial
adj. sociable
Convulated
adj. twisted; complicated
Copious
adj. abundant; plentiful
Coquette
n. woman who flirts
Cornucopia
n. horn overflowing with fruit and grain; state of abundance
Cosmology
n. the study of the universe as a totality; theory of origin and structure of the universe
Covert
adj. hidden; secret
Covetous
adj. desiring something owned by another
Cozen
v. to mislead by trick or fraud; deceive
Craven
adj. cowardly
Credence
n. acceptance of something as true
Credo
n. statement of belief or principle; creed
Daunt
v. to discourage; intimidate; dishearten
Dearth
n. scarcity
Debauchery
n. corruption
Decorum
n. proper behavior
Defame
v. to malign; harm someone’s reputation
Default
v. to fail to act
Deference
n. respect; regard for another’s wish
Defunct
adj. no longer existing
Delineate
v. to represent or depict
Demographic
adj. related to population balance
Demotic
adj. pertaining to people and everyday language
Demur
v. to express doubt
Denigrate
v. to slur someone’s reputation
Denizen
n. an inhabitant; a regular visitor
Denouement
n. outcome; unraveling of the plot of the play or work of literature
Deride
v. to mock
Derivative
n. something derived; unoriginal
Desiccate
v. to dry completely
Desuetude
n. state of disuse
Desultory
adj. random; disconnected; rambling
Deterrent
n. something that discourages or hinders
Detraction
n. act of taking away; derugatory comment on a person’s character
Diaphanous
adj. transparent; fine-textured; insubstantial; vague
Diatribe
n. bitter verbal attack
Dichotomy
n. division into two equally contradictory parts
Diffidence
n. shyness; lack of confidence
Diffuse
v. to spread out
Digression
n. act of straying from the main point
Dirge
n. funeral hymm
Disabuse
v. to free from misconception
Discerning
adj. perceptive; exhibiting keen insight and good judgment
Discomfit
v. to make uneasy; disconcert
Discordant
adj. not in tune
Discredit
v. to dishonor; disgrace; cause to be doubted
Discrepancy
n. difference between
Discrete
adj. constituting a separate thing; distinct
Discretion
n. quality of showing self-restraint in action or speech; free to act on one’s own
Disingenuous
adj. not candid; crafty
Disinterested
adj. unprejudiced; objective
Disjointed
adj. lacking order or coherence; dislocated
Dismiss
v. put away from consideration; reject
Disparage
v. to belittle
Disparate
adj. dissimiliar
disparity (n)
Dissemble
v. to pretend; disguise one’s motive
Disseminate
v. to spread; scatter; disperse
Dissident
n. person who disagrees about beliefs
Dissolution
adj. disintegration; debauchery
Dissonance
adj. discord; lack of harmony
Distend
v. to expand; swell out
Distill
v. extract the essential elements
Distrait
adj. inattentive; preoccupied
Diverge
v. to vary; go in different direction from the same point
Divest
v. to strip; deprive; rid
Divulge
v. to make known something that is secret
Doctrinaire
adj. relating to a person who cannot compromise about points of a theory or doctrine; dogmatic; unyielding
Document
v. to provide with written evidence to support
Doggerel
n. poor verse
Dogmatic
adj. stating of opinion without proof
Dogma (n)
Dormant
adj. inactive
Dross
adj. waste; worthless matter; trivial matter
Dupe
v. to deceive; trick
Ebullient
adj. exhilarated; enthusiastic
Eclectic
adj. selecting from various sources
Effervescence
adj. state of high spirits or liveliness; process of bubbling as gas escapes
Effete
adj. depleted of vitality; overrefined; decadent
Efficacy
n. efficiency; effectiveness
Effrontery
n. shameless boldness; presumptuousness
Egoism
n. the tendency to see things in relation to oneself; self-centeredness
Egotistical
adj. excessively self-centered; conceited
Elegy
n. poem or song expressing lamentation
Elicit
v. to provoke; draw out
Elixir
n. substance believed to have power to cure ills
Elysian
adj. blissful; delightful