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music history 2 > Baroque Terms > Flashcards

Baroque Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Aria

A

Lyric song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment, generally expressing intense emotion; found in operas, cantatas, and oratorios
Eg. Dido and Aeneas OR Marriage of Figaro

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2
Q

Arioso

A

Short recitative of the more melodious, aria-like type. Was frequently used for a passage in regular tempo in or after a recitative
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

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3
Q

Basso Continuo/Figured Bass

A

Italian for continuos bass. Baroque practice consisting of an independent bass line which continues throughout a piece and often includes numerals indicating the harmony to be supplied by the performer
Eg. The Coronation of Poppea

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4
Q

Binary Form

A

Binary form is based on a statement and a departure, without a return to the opening. Each section is normally repeated
Eg. Water Music

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5
Q

Canon

A

Type of polyphonic composition in which 1 musical line strictly imitates another at a fixed distance throughout
Eg. Cantata NO. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

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6
Q

Cantata

A

Baroque vocal genre for solo singers, chorus, and instrumentalists based on a lyric or dramatic poem. Might be based on either secular or sacred themes. Generally consists of several movements including recitatives, arias, and ensemble numbers. Sacred cantata was integral part of Lutheran church service
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

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7
Q

Chorale (Lutheran)

A

Hymn tune associated with German Lutheran church. Luther and fellow reformers created the 1st chorales by adapting tunes from Gregorian Chant, popular sources, and secular art music
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

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8
Q

Chorus

A

Group of singers who perform together, usually in pairs, and can be found in operas and oratorios.

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9
Q

Concertino

A

Small group of instruments that played the solo in Baroque concerto grosso
Eg. Bradenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major

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10
Q

Concerto Grosso

A

Type of concerto based on opposition between concertino and ripieno
Eg. Bradenburg Concerto No. 2 in F major

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11
Q

Da Capo Aria

A

Lyric solo song in ternary form, commonly found in Baroque operas, cantatas, and oratorios. Composer usually didn’t write out 3rd part, instead the words “da capo” are at the end of the 2nd section, indicating the performer was to repeat the first section, freely elaborating it with ornamentation
Eg. Dido and Aeneas

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12
Q

Doctrine of the Affections

A

Doctrine related to union of music and poetry in Baroque period. Composers believed that the aim of music was to move the passions (joy, anger, love, hate, fear). In Baroque an entire piece or movement was normally built on a single affection
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

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13
Q

Empfindsamkeit

A

German “sensitive” style of the mid-18th century, using simple melody and homophonic texture to express natural feelings
Eg. CPE Bach Fantasia (NOT REQUIRED WORK)

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14
Q

Equal Temperament

A

Tuning system based on division of octave into 12 equal semitones.
Eg. The Well Tempered Clavier (NOT REQUIRED WORK)

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15
Q

French Overture

A

Baroque instrumental introduction to an opera, oratorio, ballet, or suite, in 2 sections: slow opening section (often repeated), marked by stately dotted rhythms, followed by a lively fugal second section. Often a brief return to style f opening at end of fast section
Eg. Water Music OR Dido and Aeneas

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16
Q

Fugal Texture

A

based on the principle of imitation in which a theme or subject pervades the entire work, entering in 1 voice and then in another, creating a complex structure in which each voice is sounded by a different performer or group of performers
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

17
Q

Ground Bass

A

a repeating melody, usually in the bass, throughout a vocal or instrumental composition while upper parts proceed and vary
Eg. Coronation of Poppea OR Dido and Aeneas

18
Q

Harpsichord

A

early Baroque keyboard instrument in which the strings are plucked by quills instead of being struck with hammers like the piano
Eg. Sonata in D major K430

19
Q

Homophonic Texture/Homophony

A

texture with one principal melody and accompanying harmony

Eg.Canata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

20
Q

Le Nuove Musiche

A

A collection of vocal works on the new style of monody published by Baroque composer Caccini in 1601-1602. The title represented this new expressive style of music that consisted of a melody moving freely over a foundation of simple chords
Eg. Le Nuove Musiche: La bella man vi Stringo

21
Q

Libretto

A

the text of an opera or oratorio

Eg. Coronation of Poppea OR Dido and Aeneas OR The Creation

22
Q

Monody

A

Vocal type, associated with the Florentine Camerata, in which a single melody predominates with simple instrumental accompaniment
Eg. Le Nuove Musiche: La bella man vi Stringo

23
Q

Oboe D’amore

A

Love oboe. Baroque alto oboe pitched somewhat below the ordinary oboe, with the pear-shaped bell of the English Horn
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

24
Q

Oboe Da Caccia

A

Hunting oboe. Baroque tenor oboe built in the shape of a cured hunting horn
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God

25
Q

Opera

A

A drama that is sung. Combines the resources of vocal and instrumental music with drama, acting, scenery, and costumes
Eg. Coronation of Poppea

26
Q

Opera Buffa

A

Italian comic opera, sung throughout, related to life of the time
Eg. Marriage of Figaro

27
Q

Opera Seria

A

Serious Italian opera that centers on stories of heroes and adventures or tragic subjects, usually sets in the Medieval or antiquity
Eg. Idomeneo

28
Q

Ordre

A

French dance suites that often contained numerous miniature pieces
Eg. Couperin: Pieces de Clavecin NOT REQUIRED WORK

29
Q

Ornamentation

A

melodic decoration. The addition of embellishing notes to existing melody notes such as trills, turns, and other ornaments, whether improvised or indicated in the music.
Eg. Cantata No. 80 A Mighty Fortress is our God OR Sonata in D Major K430

music history 2 (3 decks)

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