Baroque Music N5 U1 P4

Question 1

Melody/harmony- tonality

Answer 1

There are two types of tonalities:
Major- cheerful sounding
Minor-sad sounding

Question 2

Scales & arpeggios definition

Answer 2

Scales move by step
Arpeggios move by leap
Both in ascending or descending patterns

Question 3

Ornamentation

Answer 3

Ornamentation decorates the main melody
Two types:
Trill- quick continuous alteration between two notes
Grace not- quick crushed notes before main melody

Question 4

Repeition and sequence definition

Answer 4

Repetition is when a pattern of notes is repeated at the exact same pitch
Sequence is when a pattern of notes is repeated at higher or lower pitch

Question 5

Cadence definition and types

Answer 5

A cadence is how a section of music finishes
A perfect cadence is when the ending sounds finished as it ends on chord I
An imperfect cadence is when the ending sounds unfinished as it ends on chord V

Question 6

Word-setting

Answer 6

Word-setting describes how a piece of music is sung
There are two types of word setting:
Syllabic- each syllable is set to one note
Melismatic- each syllable set to more than one note

Question 7

Vocals- descant

Answer 7

A descant is when a higher part is sung above the main melody
Baroque music can also be sung in harmony, octaves/unison

Question 8

Tempo

Answer 8

Adagio-slow
Andante- walking pace
Moderato- moderate speed
Allegro- fast

Question 9

Terms for tempo change

Answer 9

Accelerando- to speed up
Ritardando- to slow down

Question 10

Timings

Answer 10

Simple time- when each beat can be divided into quavers- co-fee, cof-fee
Compound time- when each beat can be divided into triplets- straw-ber-ry

Question 11

Anacrusis

Answer 11

When one or more notes are played before the first beat of the bar

Question 12

Harpsichord

Answer 12

Keyboard instrument
Opposite colour to piano
Sounds stringy, not smooth like piano

Question 13

Organ

Answer 13

Long notes and are played throughout a piece of music

Question 14

String playing techniques

Answer 14

String players can play in either arco or pizzicato
Arco- instruction to string players to use bow
Pizzicato- instruction to string players to use plucking with fingers

Question 15

String instruments

Answer 15

Violin
Viola
Cello- usually played as a bass instrument throughout the background of a piece of music

Question 16

Woodwind instruments- oboe

Answer 16

Sounds like a duck
Barrie/ballerina
High pitched

Question 17

Woodwind instruments- bassoon

Answer 17

Like the oboe
Lower pitch
Duck sound

Question 18

Woodwind instruments- recorder

Answer 18

Higher pitch than flute
Squeaky

Question 19

Woodwind instruments- flute

Answer 19

Fairly high pitch
Smooth

Question 20

Brass instruments- trumpet

Answer 20

High pitch
Echo
Captain America

Question 21

Brass instrument- french horn

Answer 21

Low pitch
Car horn extended

Question 22

Brass instruments- trombone

Answer 22

High pitch
Lower pitch than trumpet
Smooth

Question 23

Percussion

Answer 23

Timpani- drums
Timpani use a technique called a roll- quick, continuous repeated notes at one pitch

Question 24

Vocal ranges- female

Answer 24

Soprano- highest, swan
Mezzo-soprano- middle, lower pitch
Alto- lowest, echoey, low pitch in background, from throat

Question 25

Vocal ranges- male

Answer 25

Tenor- highest, posh, like alto with no echo, sounds flat Baritone- middle, no echo, very flat, from throat Bass- bass, low pitch all together, flat

Question 26

Choirs

Answer 26

Soprano Alto Tenor Bass

Question 27

Accompanied and unaccompanied

Answer 27

Accompanied- with background instruments supporting the solo instruments Unaccompanied- plain solo

Question 28

Dynamics

Answer 28

Piano- p, soft Mezzo-piano- mp, medium soft Pianissimo-pp, very soft Forte- f, loud Mezzo-forte- mf, medium loud Fortissimo- ff, very loud

Question 29

Dynamics

Answer 29

Crescendo- music gradually gets louder Diminuendo- music gradually slows down

Question 30

Canon and imitation

Answer 30

Canon- instruments or voices played the exact same material in turn, overlapping Imitation- similar material is played/sung, possibly at different pitches or with slight differences

Question 31

Texture

Answer 31

Homophonic- all instruments move at same time with the same rhythms but at different pitches- like lasagne

Question 32

Texture

Answer 32

Polyphonic- independent parts, using different rhythms and pitches, ‘weaving’- like spaghetti, can be described as contrapuntal

Question 33

Texture

Answer 33

Ground bass- a bass line which is repeated all the way through a piece of music while the above changes

Question 34

Form

Answer 34

Binary- music written in two sections, labelled AB, each section is normally repeated, sounds like AABB

Question 35

Form

Answer 35

Ternary- music written in two sections, labelled A and B, sounding like ABA

Question 36

Form

Answer 36

Rondo- A section returns after b, c, d, e…

Question 37

Style

Answer 37

Chorus- features. Choir singing together Aria- a solo singer, or a duet

Question 38

Concerto

Answer 38

A piece of music accompanied by the orchestra, to show off what the solo player can do Baroque is also a concept