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Baroque Final Flashcards

1
Q

Domenico Scarlatti

A

1685-1757: cheif Italian Keyboard composer. Sonatas: forms of sonatas: 2 sections: each repeated. 2nd modulating.

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2
Q

John Christopher Pepusch

A

1667-1752: Arranged music to A Beggar’s Opera.

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3
Q

Giovanni Battista Sammartini

A

1701-1775: _________

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4
Q

Carl Philip Emanuel Bach

A

1714-1788: served Frederick the Great (1740-1770), compositions include: Oratorios, songs, symphonies, concertos, and chamber music.

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5
Q

Johann and Karl Stamitz

A

_____________

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6
Q

Johann Christian Bach

A

1735-1782: _________

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7
Q

Giovanni Battista Pergolesi

A

1710-1736: Master of the intermezzo. Most original composer in early Classical style, Opera Seria: La Serva Padrona

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8
Q

Christoph Willibald Gluck

A

1714-1787: synthesized French and Italian Opera. Born in Bavaria. Produced Orfeo ed Euridice (1762). Gluck assigned important role to chorus, music is molded to the drama.

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9
Q

Late CLASSICAL

A

Haydn, Gossec, Mozart, da Ponte, Salieri, Beethoven, Schubert, Carl Maria Von Weber, Rossini, Berlioz

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10
Q

Franz Joseph Haydn

A

1732-1809: The Creation Oratorio, The Seasons, Common Practice Era Harmonies, Internationalism, Italian Melodiousness, German Organization and Form, French Grace and Elegance, more irregularity in his phrasing and imagination. Surprise Symphony, Bear Symphony, Hen, Miracle Symphony. Works: 40 piano sonatas, 29 keyboard trios, 68 string quartets, 20 concerti, 2 violincello, 1 trumpet, 104 symphonies, 15 operas.

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11
Q

Francois Joseph Gossec

A

1734-1829: Belgian, came to Paris in 1751. Most popular composer of Revolutionary period. Comic operas, marches.

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12
Q

Leopold Mozart

A

1719-1787: Treatise on playing the violin

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13
Q

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

A

1756-1791: Approximately 20 operas (Early: opera buffa: The Pretend Simpleton), and German Singspiel (Bastien and Bastienne)
Mozart’s first masterworks are striking in their parallels with Haydn’s work and in their independence. Smoother than Haydn.
The Abduction from the Seraglio, The Marriage of Figaro. A play that was thought to have brought about the French Revolution. Don Giovanni: A dramma giocoo. Cosi Fan Tutte: Thus, All Women Do: An opera buffa: 2 men engaged to 2 gals. The Magic Flute: a singspiel with spoken dialogue instead of recitative. The solemn mode of the score reflects the relationship between the opera and teaching of Free Masonry. Mozart wove threads of 18th century musical ideas into new designs: vocal opulence of Opera seria: Folk humor of German singspiel, the solo aria, the buffo ensemble.

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14
Q

Wolfgang (cont.)

A

Approximately 12 masses including Requiem. Piano: Approximately 20 piano sonatas, variations, 7 piano trios, 26 string quartets: piano trios: piano, violin, cello. Concerti: Approximately 40. Clarinet Concerto, approximately 5 violin, 23 piano, 55 symphonies: Last- #41. Dinner music: Divertimenti, Notturni, Cassations, Serenades, Requiem: K626 Mozart’s last work, commissioned by a wealthy nobleman, Count Walsegg. Completed by his pupil and collaborator Franz Xaver Sussmayr.

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15
Q

Mozart’s Influencers

A

Study of Haydn, introduced to Bach by Baron Gottfried Van Swieten: Librettist who wrote librettos of Haydn’s last two oratorios.

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16
Q

Ars combinatoria

A

art of combination derived from mathematics that was taught by 18th century music theorists.

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17
Q

Mozart’s Style:

A

International Style. Italian lyricism. French Elegance. German seriousness, systemics. Sturm und Drang: “Storm and Drive.”

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18
Q

Mozart’s Influencers again:

A

Leopold and Nannerl, Haydn, Bach, Handel: Gottfried van Swieten, J.C. Bach.

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19
Q

Influenced BY Mozart:

A

Beethoven, Chopin, Tchaikovsky: cello variations on a roccoco theme: 4th suite.

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20
Q

Antonio Salieri

A

1750-1825:____

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21
Q

Ludwig Van Beethoven

A

1770-1827: first player of the Romantic era. Studied with Haydn. Stylistic Characteristics: Continuity: Cadences blurred, improvisatory character of passages. Fugal textures.

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22
Q

Franz Schubert

A

1797-1828: Influenced by Beethoven, Mozart. 9 Symphonies, 8 unfinished, 9 great. 15 operas, 6 masses, 60 lieder. Cycles: Die Schone Mullerin, Die Winterreise. Stylistic traits: wrote tunes more than themes, bounces major and minor, modulates by thirds. Influenced: Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Hugo Wolf, Ricard Strauss.

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23
Q

Carl Maria Von Weber

A

1786-1826: composed 10 operas: Die Freischutz.

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24
Q

Gioachino Rossini

A

1792-1868: ________

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25
Hector Berlioz
1803-1869: Imaginative orchestration
26
Pietro Metastasio
1698-1782: Opera Seria: His dramas were set to music hundreds of times by composers (Mozart). Mainly Orchestra.
27
John Gay
1685-1732: Wrote A Beggar's Opera.
28
Benjamin Franklin
1706-1790: Invented the glass harmonica.
29
Esterhazy Family
wealthiest and powerful hungarian family. Prince Paul Anton, patron of music. Haydn composed and conducted anything the Prince wanted.
30
Lorenzo da Ponte
1749-1838: Mozart's librettist: Don Giovanni, Marriage of Figaro, Cosi Fan Tutte.
31
Bartolomeo Cristofori
1655-1731: Invented piano forte
32
Charles Burney
1726-1814:____
33
Sir John Hawkins
1719-1789:_____
34
Heinrich Christoph Koch
1749:1816:____
35
The Beggar's Opera
A Ballad Opera written in three acts in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch. It is one of the satershed plays in Augustan drama and is the only example of the once thriving genre of satirical ballad opera to remain popular today. Ballad operas were satiric musical plays that used some of the conventions of opera, but without recitative.
36
La Serva Padrona
Pergole's comic opera
37
Orfeo ed Euridice
Gluck's opera 1762. Overture integral to part of opera.
38
The Creation, etc.
Haydn's oratorio.
39
Don Giovanni, etc.
Mozart: music. Da Ponte: Libretto. Opera in two acts.
40
Fidelio, etc.
Beethoven's only Opera.
41
Schubert's "Unfinished" Symphony
First truly Romantic Symphony
42
Il Barbiere di Siviglia, etc.
Rossini's comic Italian opera, Paisiello
43
Symphonic fantastique
Idee Fixe: Hero fixed on the eyes of his beloved. Vivid imaginative orchestration, new resources of harmony, color and expression.
44
The Classical Era
1720-1800
45
Classic
Coined by greeks and romans: possess qualities of noble simplicity, equilibrium, free of ornamentation. (Mozart, Gluck, Haydn.)
46
Ritornello
__________
47
Rococo
Style of architecture. "Rockwork", Baroque/early classical, lighter, more dance-like, 18th century.
48
Style galant (free)
courtly manner in literature, suggests courtly flirtation. Short repeated notes, frequent cadences. Battista, Sammartini, Pergolesi.
49
Empfindsamer Stil
To feel sentimentatlly. A quality associated with the refined passion and melancholy, chromaticism, nervous rhythmic figures. In Pergolesi's Stabat Mater.
50
(Domenico) Alberti bass
Breaking each of underlying chords to simple pattern of short notes.
51
Concert Spirituel
first public concert series in existence. THe concerts began in Paris in 1725 and ended in 1790; later, concerts or series of concerts of the same name occured in Paris, Vienna, London, and elsewhere.
52
Cadence Rhyme
Cadence in 1 key is same in another key.
53
Binary form
____________
54
Sonata (Allegro) or 1 movement form
consists of two large divisions: 1) one period 2) two periods. Nuances of feeling, frequent phrase endings 1) Exposition (usually repeated), 2) Development 3) Recapitulation.
55
Sonata-Rondo form
_____________
56
Concerto form
principal ideas introduced in orchestral exposition
57
Mannheim Rocket and Steamroller
_________
58
Intermezzo
Italian comic opera
59
Opera Seria
based on Italian librettos: purged of comic scenes and character. Metastasio. 3 acts: Alternating recitatives and arias. Orchestra accompaniment.
60
Opera Buffa
18 century comic Italian opera. Full length work with six or more characters iwth moral lesson-vain ladies, aristocrats.
61
Opera Comique
French version of Light opera. (Vaudevilles), Spoken Dialogue instead of Recitative.
62
Singspiel
Success of the ballad opera. 18 century revived Singspiel. Principal composer: Johann Hiller.
63
Ballad Opera
rose to popularity after The Beggar's Opera. Satirizes Italian opera. Characterized by popular ballads. Zarzuela.
64
Sinfonia (& Symphonic) concertante
Italian opera overture: Specific type of concerto for orchestra.
65
Baryton
large instrument resembling a viola da gamba with resonating metal strings that could be plucked with a harp.
66
Alessandro Longo
1864-1945 ________ Cataloguer
67
Ralph Kirkpatrick
1911-1984 Cataloguer
68
Anthony Van Hoboken
1887-1983 Cataloguer
69
Ludwig Von Kochel
1800-1871 Cataloguer
70
Georg Kinsky and Hans Halm
Cataloguer
71
Enlightenment and Age of Reason
Divine sign of humanism represented by the free-masonry: Semi-secret society believed in a supreme being. Only a male society. Emphasizes brotherhood. Emphasis on Humanism and Age of Reason. Musical Instruments are being improved Scientifically. THe leaders of the Enlightenment were people like Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau- one of the writers that rides in romanticism, Rousseau is an amateur composer.
72
Gluck's operatic reforms
Gluck was exposed to opera comique. In the 1760's he wrote a number of opera comiques to entertain Vienna Court. Gluck's operas became models for the works of his immediate followers in Paris. Influenced form and spirit of opera. Influenced Berlioz and Cherubini.
73
Differences between Baroque and Classical
Classical orchestra: 25 players, strings, flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns. Basso continuo abandoned in 18th century.
74
Development of the Symphony
Variations in works of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven: 1) Independent theme and variations of composition. 2) Theme and variation movement of sonata or symphony 3) technique within a larger plan.
75
Development of the Symphony
Symphonies are in classic 3 movement form derived from Italian Opera overture.
76
Haydn Symphonies 82-87
Paris Symphonies; evolution of livelihood of composers
77
Differences between Haydn and Mozart
Mozart's themes have a sharp melodic profile. Haydn: Sonata form movement. Mozart Concerto: follow.
78
Beethoven's stylistic periods
First period til 1802: finding his voice. 6 string quartets, 3 piano concertos, 2 symphonies. Second period: 1802-1816: Independent phase. Symphonies 3-8, Videlio, violin concerto, piano sonatas. Third period. Reflective, Introspective: missa solemnis, 9th century, grosse fuge string quartet.
79
Romanticism in music and elsewhere
Romanticism vs. Classicism
80
Romanticism
Idealistic, expression of feeling, music the ideal romantic art: communicates pure emotion. Lied: Essays on music. Program music: Music with literary orientation.
81
Differences between early Romantic German and Italian Opera.
Germanic: Country life, concerned with the supernatural: good vs. evil, mythical and older times, orchestra and chorus emphasized, advanced harmonies and orchestration. Italian: Chorus was more important, Bel Canto, Coloratura

Baroque (2 decks)

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