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Music > Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century > Flashcards

Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Baroque era

A

1600 - 1750

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2
Q

Baroque composers (3)

A

-Vivaldi
-Bach
-Purcell

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3
Q

Features of Baroque music

A

-String dominant
-Ground bass (repeating melody in the bass)
-Homophonic (one melody with accompaniment)
-Terraced dynamics (Dynamics change suddenly and not gradually)
-Harpsichord
-Ornamentation (acciaccatura, mordent, trill, appogiatura)
-Oratorio
-Opera
-Recitative

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4
Q

Classical era

A

1750-1820

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5
Q

Classical composers

A

-Beethoven
-Haydn
-Mozart

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6
Q

Features of classical music

A

-Piano replaces harpsichord
-Symphony
-String quartet
-Balanced structure
-Opera seria and buffa
-Diatonic harmony (belonging to key)
-Percussion developed (timpani, triangle, cymbals)
-Question and answer phrasing
-Minuet and trio (ABA ternary structure)

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7
Q

Romantic era

A

1820-1900

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8
Q

Romantic composers

A

-Chopin
-Schumann
-Schubert
-Mendelssohn

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9
Q

Features of romantic music

A

-Programme music (music that attempts to paint a picture or a mood)
-Expressive
-Rubato (freely played rhythm)
-Long, slow melodies
-Larger orchestra
-Wide range of dynamics

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10
Q

20th century music

A

1900-2000

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11
Q

20th century composers

A

-Reich
-Glass
-Schoenberg
-Debussy

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12
Q

Features of 20th century music

A

-Minimalism
-Polytonality
-Atonality (no specific key or tonality)
-Chromatic scale use
-Dissonant (harsh, discordant sounds)
-Syncopation
-Metamorphosis

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13
Q

Ground bass

A

Repeating melody in the bass - Baroque

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14
Q

Basso continuo

A

The instruments that play the ground bass - Baroque

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15
Q

Word painting

A

Making music directly reflect meaning of the words in a song

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16
Q

Opera

A

Dramatic work in one or more acts set to music - Baroque

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17
Q

Recitative

A

Vocals that mimic speech

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18
Q

Aria

A

Lyrical song for a solo voice with an orchestral accompaniment
A-B-A form
Baroque

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19
Q

Oratorio

A

Large-scale dramatic genre based off of religious text

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20
Q

Ornamentation examples

A

-Mordent
-Acciaccatura
-Appogiatura
-Trill

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21
Q

Melismatic

A

Many notes per syllable

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22
Q

Syllabic

A

One note per syllable

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23
Q

Acciaccatura/Grace note

A

Crushed note

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24
Q

Appogiatura

A

Play first note as half the value of the second note

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25
Q

Trill

A

Note that rapidly alternates with the note a semitone above it

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26
Q

Mordent

A

Ornament which sounds the main note, the note above, and the main note again

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27
Q

Theme and variations

A

A musical idea that is repeated over and over and changes over time

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28
Q

String quartet

A

Form in classical chamber music. Two violins, a viola, a cello

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29
Q

Arpeggio

A

Broken chord

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30
Q

Minuet and trio

A

Ternary form structure
Minuet-trio-minuet
Stately dance in triple time
Contrasting middle section

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31
Q

Staccato

A

Short and detached

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32
Q

Legato

A

Smooth and connected

33
Q

Counter melody

A

Accompanying melody playing against main melody

34
Q

Articulation

A

Shows how a note should be sung or played

35
Q

Opera seria

A

Tragic Italian opera

36
Q

Opera buffa

A

Comic Italian opera

37
Q

Diatonic harmony

A

Using notes which belong t to the key rather that outside of the key

38
Q

Singspiel

A

“Singing play” - musical comedy from Germany

39
Q

Imitation in music

A

When a melody in one part is repeated a few notes later in a different part

40
Q

Question and Answer phrasing

A

A phrase is played or sung and a response by an instrument or vocalist follows

41
Q

Perfect cadence

A

Chordal progression of dominant to tonic (V - I)

42
Q

Imperfect cadence

A

Phrase ending on chord V
Sounds incomplete

43
Q

Programme music

A

Music that attempts to paint a picture or a mood

44
Q

Tone poem

A

One-movement work for an orchestra of the Romantic Era

45
Q

Overture

A

Orchestral piece played at the start of an opera (single-movement in 19th century)

46
Q

Programme symphony

A

Symphony 3-5 movements which together tell a story

47
Q

Sforzando

A

Forced accent

48
Q

Dissonant

A

Not in harmony

49
Q

Scherzo

A

Playful movement of a sonata or symphony in rapid tempo

50
Q

Sonata

A

Musical composition of 3 or 4 contrasting forms usually for solo instruments with orchestral accompaniment

51
Q

Symphony

A

Musical composition for full orchestra
Usually 4 movements

52
Q

Sonata Form

A

Exposition, development, recapitulation

52
Q

Sonata Form: Exposition

A

1st Subject - Transition - 2nd Subject - Codetta

52
Q

Sonata Form: Development

A

Lots of modulation, fragmentation of themes, dramatic changes of dynamics and instrumentation, eventually leads back to tonic key

53
Q

Sonata Form: Recapitulation

A

Similar to exposition but remains in original key
Coda

54
Q

Lied/Lieder

A

German for “Song/Songs”
Associated with solo art song of 19th century
Usually accompanied by piano

55
Q

Impressionism

A

A French movement
Exotic scales
Unresolved dissonances
Parallel chords
Rich orchestral tone colour
Free rhythm

56
Q

Minimalism

A

Contemporary musical style
Repetition of short, melodic, and rhythmic patterns with little variation

57
Q

Polytonality

A

Use of several different keys at the same time

58
Q

Atonality

A

No specific key or tonality

59
Q

Timbre

A

Quality of sound/sound colour

60
Q

Prepared piano

A

Piano with sound altered by placing objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, or pieces of felt between the strings of some of the keys

61
Q

Syncopation

A

Offbeat

62
Q

Motif

A

Recurring theme or musical idea

63
Q

Ostinato

A

Musical phrase repeated over and over during a composition

64
Q

Diminution

A

The shortening of the time values of notes in a melodic part

65
Q

Largo

A

Slowly and broadly

66
Q

Andante

A

Walking pace

67
Q

Moderato

A

Moderate speed

68
Q

Allegro

A

Fast

69
Q

Vivace

A

Lively

70
Q

Presto

A

Very fast

71
Q

Accelerando

A

Gradually speeding up

72
Q

Rallentando

A

Gradually slowing down

73
Q

Ritenuto

A

Immediately slower

74
Q

Allargando

A

Getting slower and broadening

75
Q

Rubato

A

Rhythm is freely played

76
Q

Rondo

A

Main theme (A) keeps returning, with contrasting sections (episodes) in between)
A-B-A-C-A-D-A

Music (2 decks)

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