Barbarian Europe

Question 1

who was Sidonius Appolinaris?

ca. 431-89

Answer 1

• first urban prefect of Rome
• later became a bishop in Gaul

Question 2

what was the Justianic Plague?

ca. 542-750

Answer 2

• bubonic plague
• carried by fleas on rodents
• returned every gen. = huge death rate

Question 4

what are the 2 types of monasticism?

Answer 4

1. eremitic: those withdrawn from society (i.e. hermits)
2. cenobitic: those living in monasteries

monasticism = overly elite

Antony = 1st Christian hermit

Question 5

what were the reasons for the popularity of monasticism?

Answer 5

• monasteries = repositories of relics
• ethical & moral standards appealing
• replaced martyrdom
• allowed for tax evasion
• encouaged viniculture

Question 6

what was the Petrine doctrine?

Answer 6

the belief that pope’s inherit Peter’s powers upon becoming bishop

Peter thought to be given special powers from Jesus

Question 7

what did the rapid decline of kingship look like?

Answer 7

• partible inheritance through polygyny
• lands divided = kings fighting for territory
• violent & decentralized
• kings increasingly impoverished → power largely symbolic

kings could convert religions with the support of their followers

• kings appointed laymen as regional governors (i.e. dukes, counts, etc.)
• noble lands & titles enhanced through control of churches & arranged marriage

Question 8

what was the role of women in Barbarian Europe?

Answer 8

• female houses in cities
• worked close to home
• could become abbesses
• marriage = bridegift, consent, & divorce

women living in rural areas were often stolen from monasteries

Question 9

what did Christianization look like in Ireland vs. England?

6th-7th c.

Answer 9

Ireland: episcopal vs. monastic
England: conversions short-lived

episcopal = governed by bishops

the structure of the Roman Cath. Church mirrored that of the Roman Empire

Question 10

what did local vs. long-distance trade look like?

Answer 10

local:

• peasants brought goods to market (e.g. salt, wine, etc.)
• specialists (e.g. blacksmiths)

long-dist.:

• luxury trade & manufacturing
• limited in scale
• decline of gold coinage

Question 11

what were some advancements in agricultural technology?

Answer 11

• scythe & pitchfork
• use of horses
• water mills & limited tools
• sctach plow & heavy wheeled plow

Question 12

what was culture in the east vs. west like?

Answer 12

east:

• decline of greek learning & literature
• Latin lit. mostly written by churchmen

west:

• decline of monumental arch.
• church arch. → most impressive in Romanized regions