BAR 2.0 Flashcards
What are the components of Enterprise Risk Management?
GO PRO
G - Governance and Culture
O - Objective and Strategy-Setting
P - Performance
R - Review and Revision
O - Ongoing information, communication, and reporting
What are the principles that make up Governance and Culture?
DEEAD
D - Defines Desired Culture
E - Exercises board oversight
E - Establishes operating structure
A - Attracts, develops, and retains competent employees
D - Demonstrates commitment to core values
What are the principles that make up Objective and Strategy-setting Culture?
F - Formulates business objectives
A - Analyzes business context
D - Defines risk appetite
E - Evaluates alternative strategies
What are the principles that make up Performance?
I PAID
I - Identify risks
P - Prioritize risks
A - Assess severity of risk
I - Implement risk response
D - Develop portfolio review
What are the principles that make up Review and Revision?
APR
A - Assess substantial change
P - Pursue improvement in ERM
R - Review risk and performance
What are the principles that make up Ongoing information, communication, and reporting?
LCR
L - Leverages IT
C - Communicates risk information
R - Reports on risk, culture, and performance
What are the types of risk responses?
SARA
Share: Buy insurance outsource
Avoid: Leaving the line of business/location
Reduce: Diversification, hedging
Accept: Do nothing towards the risk /
What are the two broad categories risks can be classified to?
DUNS
Diversifiable
Unsystematic (think firm specific)
Non-diversifiable
Systematic (think market)
What are the types of business combinations?
Horizontal - competitors join
Vertical - combination of companies at different stages of production process
Diagonal - company joins with other company who provides ancillary support
Circular - different business units with remotes connections join under single management
What are the types of divestitures?
Sell-offs: management sees no value in keeping the segment/company (generates cash)
Spin-off: there is some value in the segment/company
Equity Carve out: key word here is offering an IPO (generates cash)
What is the formula for the WACC?
WACC=
[(E/V)Re]+[(P/V)Rp]+[(D/V)*Rd(1-T)]
V = The summed market values of the individual components of the firm’s capital structure: common stock, preferred stock, and debt
R = Required rate of return AKA the cost
T = Corporate tax rate
What are the three different types of formulas used to calculate the Cost of Retained Earnings?
1) CAPM = Risk Free Rate +[Beta*(Market Return - Risk Free Rate)]
2) Discounted CF = (Dividend per share @ end of one year/Market Value)+ Growth Rate
**Dividend per share @
end of one year =
Dividend just paid(1+
growth rate)
3) Bond Yield Plus Risk Premium = Pretax cost of LT Debt + Market Risk Premium
What are the formulas Price Elasticity of Demand, Supply, Cross elasticity, and Income
Demand= % change in quantity demanded/$ change in price
Supply = % change in supply demanded/$ change in price
Cross = % change in number of units of x demanded (supplied)/% change in price of Y
Income = % change in number of units of x demanded (supplied)/% change in income
What is the formula to calculate the Effective Interest Rate
The difference between the Effective Interest Rate and Stated Interest Rate is the deduction of loan proceeds from the calculation
What are Porters Five Forces
BBB (big baller brand) ME
B - Barriers to Entry
B - Bargaining Power of Customers
B - Bargaining Power of Suppliers
M - Market Competitiveness
E - Existence of Substitute Products
What are the types of Risk Premiums added to the risk free rate to calculate Required Rate of Return?
Maturity Premium
Liquidity Premium
Default Risk Premium
Purchasing Power/Inflation Premium
What are the required Financial Statements for Defined Benefit and Defined Contribution Plans
Defined Benefit:
1. Statement of Net Assets Available for Benefits
2. Statement of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits
3. Statement of Accumulated Plan Benefits
4. Statement of Changes in Accumulated Plan Benefits
Defined Contribution
1. Statement of Net Assets Available for Benefits
2. Statement of Changes in Net Assets Available for Benefits
What are the factors that change Demand curves?
W - Change in Wealth
R - Change of Related goods
I - Change in Consumer income
T - Change in consumer Tastes
E - Change in consumer Expectation
N - Change in the Number of buyers served by the market
What are the factors that change Supply curves
E - Change in price Expectation of the supplying firm
C - Change in production Costs
O - Change in the price or demand for Other goods provided by the firm
S - Change in Subsidies or taxes
T - Change in production Technology
What are the motives to hold cash as it relates to Working Capital?
TCP
Transaction Motive
Speculative Motive
Precautionary Motive
What is the formula to calculate Economic Order Quantity and what does it measure?
EOQ= Square root of (2 x sales x cost per PO)/carrying cost per unit)
Intents to minimize total order and carrying costs
What are the formulas for marginal analysis?
DM Price Variance= Actual Q. Purchased x (Actual price - stdrd price)
DM Q. Usage Variance= Standard price x (Actual q. used - stdrd q. used)
DL Rate Variance= Actual hrs worked x (actual rate - standard rate)
DL efficiency variance= Standard rate (actual hrs worked - stdrd hrs)
What is the formula to calculate Reorder point Quantity and what does it measure?
Reorder point=Safety stock + (lead time x sales during lead time)
Measures when a company should order or manufacture additional inventory to meet demand and to avoid incurring stock out costs
What is the formula to calculate APR of quick payment discount and what does it measure?
APR = (360/Pay period - Discount Period) x (Discount %/100% - Discount %)
Measures the impact of not taking advantage of discount
What are Annuities and Ordinary Annuities due?
Annuity Due: Beginning of Period
Ordinary Annuity: End of the period