Ballast - Site Analysis and Design Flashcards
equally spaced contour lines represent
a uniform slope
concave slopes have more densely spaced contour lines near…
the top of the slope
convex slopes have more densely spaced contour lines at…
th bottom of the slope
any site requires some modification of the land, but the changes should be kept to a minimum because…
- earth moving costs money
- excavating and building on steep slopes is more expensive than gentle slopes
- excesssive modificiaiton of the land affect drainage patterns that mut be resolved with contour changes, drainage ditches, culverts
- large changes in elevation can require retaining walls, which add costs
- removing or hauling soil is expensive
- large amounts of cutting may damage existing trees roots
is it batter to orient a building parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the contours? Why?
parallel
in order ro minimize excavation costs
in a topographic map, how are proposed and existing contour lines represented on the map?
- they are both shown on the same map
- existing lines are shown dashed and proposed lines are solid
- at the propoerty lines, the contour lines must match up with the existing contours at adacent properties or retaining walls should be built
- avoid modiciation of contour lines within the drop line of trees
solar orientation inlfuences three aspects of site planning:
1) the orientation of the building to control solar heat gain or heat loss
2) the location of outdoor spacecs and activities
3) the ocation of building entries
in the northern hemisphere, the sun is lowest and highest at what times of the year
lowest - december 21
highest - june 21
Convex Slope
closely spaced contour lines at the bottom of the slope
Valley/swale
point in the direction of the upslope – toward higher elevation
uniform slope
equally spaced contour lines
concave slope
closely spaced contour lines near the top of the slope
ridge/crown
point in the direction of the downslope – toward low elevation
since overhangs are’nt as effective at shading on east and west facades, what can be used?
vertical baffles
in hot humid climates, it is better to locate patios and outdoor spaces where?
where they would receive shade from building or trees
in temperate climates, it is better to locate patios and outdoor spaces where?
where they have the advantage of the warming effects of the sun
the USA and Canada can be divided into four general climatic regions:
1) cool
2) temperate
3) hot-humid
4) hot arid
design strategies for cool climates
- use compact forms with the smallest surface area possible to relative volume
- large south facing windows with smalle windows on the east ans west, minimal windows in the nroth
- interior materials with high thermal mass
- include summer shading for glazed area
- use dark or medium dark colors for the building exterior
design strategies for temperate climates
plan rectangular buildings with the long direction oriented generally along the east-west axis and facing slightly to the east
- provide shade in the summer, and allow the sun to fall on glazing and the building in the winter
- use south facing openings to capture winter sunlight
- plan for cooling effects of wind in the summer; block int he winter
- use medium colors for the building exterior
design strategies for hot-humid climates
- provide shade for all opening
- maximize natural ventilation with large opening, high ceilings, and cross ventilation
- construct buildings using light weight materials; minimize thermal mass
- light colors for building exterior
design strategies for hot arid climates
- use compact forms with the smallest surface area possible relative to the volume
- minimize size openings
- provide shade for openings
- maximize thermal mass use light colors for building materials
Hills:
concentric circles with elevations getting higher towards the center
Depression:
concentric circles with the elevations getting lower towards the center
Contour Interval:
it is the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines. A contour interval will vary depending on the steepness of the slope, the scale of the map, and the amount of detail required.
passive solar heating
- orient the long axis of the building in the east-west direction; southern collection surfaces face directly south or within 15 deg of true south
- passive solar heating method should be integrated with daylighting
- use deciduous trees
radiative cooling
-uses thermal mass to store heat during the day and release heat to the outside at night
ground coupling
-uses the stable coolness of the earth to cool a building, typically by using a ground-source heat pump
facade-integrated photovoltaics
-technology that allows integral PV technology in glass and roofing shingles
the two basic types of drainage are
1) aboveground: sheet flow, gutters built into roadways, parking areas ground swales as part of landscaping, and channels
2) underground: perforated drains, enclosed storm sewers
underground systems use piping with a minimum slope of
0.3%
what is the purpose of the sump in a catch basin ??
it allows debris to settle instead of allowing it to flow down the sewer
where are manholes typically located along the sewer line?
-wherever the sewer changes directions
maximum of 500 ft apart
the capacity of a drainage system is based on
- the size of the area to be drained
- the runoff coefficient (fraction of water not absorbed into the ground)
- the amount of water to be drained during the most severe storm anticipated in the design
cul de sac radius
driveway entry dimensions
moving lane dimensions
A=35’-50’
B = 10’-12’
C = 20’
D = 35’-50’
E = 45’
F = 12’-14’
A = 35’ -50’
B = 10’-12’
C = 20’
D = 35’-50’
E = 45’
F =12’-14’
