Ballast FC - Yellow Flashcards
Easement
A legal right for one party to use a portion of another party’s parcel of land for access. For Example, a utility easement allows the utility access to a portion of a private property in order to install and maintain utility lines. No permanent structures may be built over the easement area.
In addition to access, there are several other types of easements. These include conservation easements which prevent the development of environmentally significant land, scenic easements which might protect a view, and joint use easements which allow two or more property owners to share a common feature.
An access easement that allows one party or the public to traverse someone else’s property grants right of way.
Sir Joseph Paxton 1801-1865
He designed the Great Conservatory at Chatsworth, Derbyshire, 1836-1840. It was one of the largest timber and glass structures of its time. Its ridge and furrow glazing system was a predecessor for his most notable cast-iron and glass structure, the Crystal Palace , in Hyde Park, London.
Designed for the Great Exhibition of 1851, the Crystal Palace, a giant conservatory, incorporated pre-fabricated components which facilitated a construction time of only nine months. The Crystal Palace was moved and re-erected in Sydenham in 1852-1854.
Coordinates
Measurements from a fixed vertical (north/south) or horizontal (east/west) line used to locate a point. The vertical origin line is referred to as Y, and the horizontal origin line is referred to as X.
Value Engineering
A review process of proposed systems and materials used to explore less expensive options that will achieve a similar result.
Non-Conforming Use
A special distinction for buildings that pre-date, or no longer comply with a ZONING ORDINANCE, as a result of recent changes in the code. This type of building is allowed to remain in use, but if major alterations are to be made, the building must then satisfy the code requirements.
Overhead
The general costs of operating a business that cannot be directly assigned to a project. Rent, drafting supplies, taxes, professional dues, insurance, theft, and depreciation are all examples. Salaries and benefits qualify only if the employee or principal is not doing project related work.
Which item in the total project budget is NOT affected by the architect? A) Construction Costs
B) Professional Fees
C) Financing Costs
D) Site Development Costs
C) Financing Costs - This is the responsibility of the owner and the architect has no role in the amount of money borrowed or the terms of the financing.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the project development budget?
A) Topographical Survey
B) Moving Expenses
C) Maintenance Costs
D) Inflation
C) Maintenance Cost - This is a long term cost to the owner and a factor in the life cycle cost of building, not part of the project development budget.
A developer is considering building a new shopping mall near a residential neighborhood. After researching the catchment area, the developer will know what?
A) The boundaries of a flood plain
B) The Potential customer base
C) F.A.R.
D) The location of the local water supply.
B) The potential customer base - The catchment area is which a user group for a particular activity is located. Census data, surveys, and information provided by local agencies is analyzed and used to assess the viability of a development.
A Bio Filtration strip is a component of:
A) An air quality control system
B) A greenhouse wall
C) Runoff management
D) Foundation waterproofing
C) Runoff Management - A broad vegetated surface (15’ x 40’ min) that filters contaminants from stormwater on site.
What is the most significant element in determining a catchment area?
A) Runoff
B) Water Table Level
C) Ground Transportation
D) Contour Interval
C) Ground Transportation - A catchment area is the population base within a geographical region.
Which of the following has the least impact on the program for a new public library?
A) Lot size
B) The size of the book collection
C) The city’s budget
D) The value of the book collection
D) The value of the book collection - This is the least significant element to be considered. It had little or no impact on the programming concerns of form, function, economy, and time.
According to AIA Document B201-2007, programming by the architect is considered which which of the following?
A) Part of the contract documents
B) Part of schematic design
C) An additional Service
D) None of the above
C) An additional service - Programming is not part of an architect’s basic services which are based on the five standard phases of a project.
What legal restrictions and regulations apply to almost every construction project?
Construction projects are regulated under the authority of local zoning ordinances, and building codes which are typically adopted from one or more of the model building codes.
Which of the Following is the most efficient application of solar heating?
A) Space Heating
B) Hot Water
C) Air Cooling
D) Refrigeration
B) Solar hot water systems are very cost effective and an efficient means of utilizing solar energy. Although solar energy can be theoretically applied to both heating and cooling with current technology, it is much more expensive and less efficient to cool with solar energy than to heat.
The architect will provide the owner with a program;
A) as part of the architects basic services.
B) if requested by the owner.
C) only if the architect is familiar with the owners requirements.
D) never, due to the liability exposure.
B) If requested by the owner:
Although the owner is responsible to provide the architect with a program, according to the Standard Form of Agreement between owner and architect, the architect is required to review owner supplied information. However, if the owner requests that the architect develop a program, then it will be considered and additional service.
According to The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards, describe the hierarchy of rehabilitation for a historic building.
1) Identify, retain, and preserve the form and detailing of materials and architectural features important in defining historic character.
2) Protect and maintain those materials and features that define historic character by using the least degree of intervention possible.
3) Repair features when their physical condition warrants additional work, while using the least invasive means possible, such as patching, splicing, reinforcing.
4) Replace an entire feature if the level of deterioration is beyond that of repair. This is appropriate only if the essential form and detailing of the feature are still evident, which would enable the feature to be accurately reestablished.
Zoning
The municipal regulation of building and land use. This may include height limitations, setbacks, population density control, the ratio of building to open space, provisions for parking an accessible services, and any other regulations as determined by the municipality.
While these ordinances were originally intended for the protection of the property rights in expanding cities they have become, along with building codes, a primary tool of urban planners and developers in achieving overall community design goals.
What is Programming, Planning and Practice?
This division is comprised of a wide range of topics. These topics include:
A broad field of environmental analysis, social and economic issues such as land use, planning, and the evaluation of existing structures.
The application and analysis of architectural programming, history, theory, and building system considerations.
The review of architectural services, responsibilities, and project management.
The ability to analyze and incorporate codes and regulatory requirements such as zoning.
In addition, you are required to solve the Site Zoning Vignette. Based on various programatic constraints, you must analyze a site and determine which areas are suitable for construction and which areas are suitable for surface improvements. You must also delineate the site profile an the maximum building envelope profile in section.
What are the four key elements that affect a project development budget?
1) Scope - The size of the building or project.
2) Quality - The quality of materials & methods of construction.
3) Cost - The project budget itself.
4) Time - The allotted time for project completion.
Balance among these four elements is key to a successful project. Adjustments can be made to one or more of the elements in order to maintain this balance.
For example, the scope of the project may need to be reduced in order to meet the budget and maintain the quality of materials. However, to maintain the scope of the project, alternate materials may need to be considered in order to meet budget requirements.
What three factors ares used by an architect to determine building code requirements for a particular project?
1) Occupancy: Each group is classified by a letter and a number.
2) Construction Type: For example, Type I, Type V.
3) Location: Setbacks, alleys, public streets, and property lines.
Name a significant drawback of the New Town Concept developed in Great Britain as a result of the New Town Act of 1946.
This concept originally aspired to produce self-sufficient, planned communities. In actuality, these town remained suburban and dependent on larger urban centers, mostly for employment.
Crawley, Harlow, Stevenage, Basildon etc. in England and Columbia, Maryland and Reston, Virginia in the United States, for example.
Typically criticized for their standardized rigidity and lack of the dynamics found in a town that has developed over time.
In chronological order, what are the five typical phases of an architects professional services?
1) Schematic Design
2) Design Development
3) Construction Documents
4) Bidding or Negotiation
5) Construction Administration
The Contract Documents for a project have been completed. Several weeks later, a major change in the documents in requires due to a recent change in the local building codes. What is the architect’s responsibility regarding the necessary changes in the Contract Documents?
According to AIA Document B101-2007, circumstances such as changes in building codes, which are beyond the architect’s control, are considered changes in the architect’s services and the architect is entitled to appropriate compensation and adjustment to the schedule.
Define the following:
1) Plat Map
2) Metes-and-Bounds
1) A land plat. A component of a survey, typically furnished by a civil engineer, and drawn to scale, it indicates the bearings and dimensions of property lines.
2) Indicates the legal boundaries of a specific tract of land and defines the bearings and dimensions of the property lines.
When does a client review the design of project?
At the end of each design phase (Schematic Design and Design Development) an upon completion of the Construction Documents.
It is important to schedule progress review meetings in between the final stages of the above phases.
Name two methods of Construction Scheduling
The Bar Chart Method: The chart shows a list of project tasks along the vertical axis and project time line along the horizontal axis. Bars are graphed showing the starting and finish dates for each activity. Used for small to medium sized projects.
The Critical Path Method: A method of charting the sequence of all tasks , their interrelationships, dependancies, duration, and the acceptable amount of activity float (the time between early and late starting dates an early and late finishing dates). This method has much more information than the bar chart, therefor is much more appropriate for large or complex projects.
Define the following:
1) Conditional Use
2) Variance
1) Granted by the ZONING board to achieve a purpose deemed by the board to be in the public interest. A school or hospital in a residentially zoned area, for example, may have bee granted this type of permission.
2) Special permission to deviate from the standard zoning regulations. It is sought by presenting the desired deviation before a local administrative authority.
Variance is granted for the benefit of an individual owner, while conditional use i granted for the general public.
